CMD Description Range Explanations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tempo Commands TEM - Tempo 56-1800, M.M. equals a TEMpo of 100, a Whole note would last for 144 jiffies, Half note=72 ... and so on. For a complete idea of TEM, see the table towards the end of this stuff. UTL - Utility Duration Y 0-255, sets the number of jiffies for the utility duration note for all voices. See the UTV command under Miscellaneous. 0 sets actual duration to 256. Volume Commands VOL - Volume 0-15 is the full range. BMP - Bump volume 0 equals a +1 and a 1 equals -1. Repeat & Phrase Commands HED - Head of repeat 0-255, the number following the command indicates the number of times to repeat everything between the HED command and the first TAL command found. TAL - Tail end of repeat 1, the TAL command is not like a NEXT or an ENDDO command in a language. ANY TAL command will suffice for any HED command. If it would work for the music, you could possibly have two HED commands that terminate at one TAL. CAL - Call a phrase 0-23, this will jump to the DEF command in any voice's data and play thru until it reaches an END. Use of this command allows one voice to play the same music from another voice. The same voice can also CAL often used passages of music over and over when a HED/TAL combo would note work due to intervening passages of music. DEF - Define a phrase 0-23, marks a place in the music to be called later. You can use each number multiple times, but the CAL command will only CAL the phrase most recently DEFined with that number. END - End a phrase 1, simply indicates the end for a DEF. Envelope Commands ATK - Attack 0-15, 0=two milliseconds, 15=eight seconds. DCY - Decay 0-15, 0=six "", 15=twenty four seconds SUS - Su stain 0-15, 0 will decay to no volume. 15 will cause volume to stay at VOL maximum. RLS - Release 0-15, same range as DCY PNT - Release point 0-255, number of jiffies from the end of the note to release the volume at. For example, let's look at the following. We set TEM 100, PNT 6 and play a Quarter note. It will play for 36 jiffies, the first 30 will be our ADS envelope and for the last 6 jiffies our volume will fall from the sustain level to no volume. Usually only small values would be used, to allow the volume to rise for the next note. Value of 0 means note is never released. Like a tie to the next note. HLD - Hold Time 0-255, similar to PNT, but removes value of HLD from PNT. In the above example, having a HLD 5 will allow you to hear that eighth note again. Waveform Commands WAV - Waveform 0=Noise, 1=Triangle, 2=Sawtooth, 4=Pulse, 5=Triangle/Pulse...1, 2 & 4 may be added together to produce other combos, but do not generally make an audible sound. P-W - Pulse width 0-4095, 2048=perfect square wave P-S - Pulse sweep -128 to 127, adds a positive or negative value to Pulse Waveform to add a sense of motion to the sound. PVD - Pulse Vibrato Depth 0-127, creates vibrato by changing the pulse of the pulse waveform. Like VDP & VRT using pitch changes. PVR - Pulse Vibrato Rate 0-127, the rate of vibration. SNC - Sync on/off, Synchronizes two voices. RNG - Ring on/off, Ring modulation. Frequency Commands VDP - Vibrato depth 0-127, this is a pitch vibrato. VRT - Vibrato rate 0-127 , "" ABS - Absolute Set Pitch Attached to a note. Makes the note act as a command to provide a different starting pitch for POR. Although this really is a command, it appears as a note duration. POR - Portamento 0-16383 ; rate of glide between notes P&V - Portam ento & Vibrato on/off, lets VDP occur with POR. Normally VDP occurs following the glide. DTN - Detune -2048 to 2047, adds the number to the frequency of the notes being played to make them slightly out of tune. Useful for chorus effects w/two voices. TPS - Transpose -95 to 95, number of half steps to transpose a note. A value of one will turn a C into a C-Sharp. RTP - Relative Transpose -47 to 47, if TPS was 12 and RTP is 1, then it e ffectively changes TPS to 13. A new TPS cancels RTP. Filter Commands F-M - Filter Mode 1=Low pass, 2=Band pass, 4=High pass ... the filter values can be added together to produce combos. AUT - Automatic -128 to 127, automatically sets the filter to cutoff just above the pitch being played. If greater than one or less than zero, this number will offset filter that much from the automatic cutoff. RES - Resonance 0-15, resonates notes near f ilter cutoff FLT - Filter on/off F-C - Filter cutoff 0-255, level of frequency to cutoff at F-S - Filter sweep -128 to 127, will cause the filter to automatically sweep up or down during a note. F-X - External Filter on/off, external filter Modulation Commands LFO - Software LFO 0-1, specifies waveform to be simulated for software modulation. 0=Triangle, 1=Pulse RUP - LFO rate up 0-31, see below using RUP 5 and RDN 6 RDN - LFO rate down 0-31, Modulation number increases by 5 each jiffy until it reaches 255, then decreases by 6 until 0. SRC - Source 0-2, Specifies whether the modulation number comes from OSC3 or ENV3 register. 0=Software generated, 1=OSC3, 2=ENV3 DST - Destination 0-3, Specifies the destination for the modulation and actually turns it on at this point. 0=Off, 1=Frequency, 2=Pulse width, 3=Filter cutoff. SCA - Scale -7 to 7, the numbers from OSC3 and ENV3 are always 0-255, this allows you to scale these values higher or lower. 7=128, 6=64, 5=32, 4=16, 3=8, 2=4, 1=2, 0=1, -1=1/2, -2=1/4, -3=1/8, -4=1/16, -5=1/32, -6=1/64, -7=1/128 MAX - Maximum Value -7 to 7, sets maximum value for modulation number so it can be below 255 Miscellaneous Commands MS# - Measure 0-255, used to separate measures. Used automatically in automeasure mode. Will also keep beats separate. UTV - Utility voice 0-255, Exactly same as UTL - but only affects the voice it is in! JIF - Jiffy (60th second) -200 to 757, sets the length of a jiffy Example: -200=4xTEM -177=3xTEM -133=2xTEM / 266=1/2 TEM 533=1/3 TEM the normal default is 0 (zero). FLG - Flag 0-255, does not affect music. AUX - Auxillary 0-255, used to change keyboard colors in players like KPLAY, SIDPIC and STEREOPLAYER (limited here). 3-O - Voice 3 off on/off, cuts off voice three. HLT - Halt 1, stop this voice. Table of Tempo values for use with the TEMpo command. 16th, 32nd and 64th notes are not possible in some tempos due to 60th of a second (jiffy) timing. TEMpo W H Q 8th 16th 32nd 64th 3rds (H/Q/E) 900 16 8 4 2 1 - - 600 24 12 6 3 - - - 4/2/1 450 32 16 8 4 2 1 - 360 40 20 10 5 - - - 300 48 24 12 6 3 - - 8/4/2 257 56 28 14 7 - - - 225 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 200 72 36 18 9 - - - 12/6/3 180 80 40 20 10 5 - - 163 88 44 22 11 - - - 150 96 48 24 12 6 3 - 16/8/4 138 104 52 26 13 - - - 128 112 56 28 14 7 - - 120 120 60 30 15 - - - 20/10/5 112 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 105 136 68 34 17 - - - 100 144 72 36 18 9 - - 24/12/6 94 152 76 38 19 - - - 90 160 80 40 20 10 5 - 85 168 84 42 21 - - - 28/14/7 81 176 88 44 22 11 - - 78 184 92 46 23 - - - 75 192 96 48 24 12 6 3 32/16/8 72 200 100 50 25 - - - 69 208 104 52 26 13 - - 66 216 108 54 27 - - - 36/18/9 64 224 112 56 28 14 7 - 62 232 116 58 29 - - - 60 240 120 60 30 15 - - 40/20/10 58 248 124 62 31 - - - 56 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 /10 58 248 124 62 31 - - -