HOW THE EQUIVALENCE ENGINE WORKS
                                   Bruce E. DePalma
                                 Simularity Institute
                                     10 June 1977



     TIME ENERGY: In the conception of an idea such as a free energy
machine the idea appears first as an inspiration or dream emerging as a
result of incredible tension. The tension is resolved first as an intuition
or dream of a machine (the language of the experimenter) which is then
instituted or later explained on the basis of paradigms which form the
structure of the 'language', i.e. physics.  What we get is always in our
genes, we just figure out how to say it.  The tracks of man.  We make up
our own language as we go along.

     A good way of figuring out or understanding where the energy comes
from is to consider the Universe as a living form with both temporal and
spatial extension.  We can 'see' the spatial extension all around us but we
only sense the time extension in the form of memory or vibrations around an
object (the aura).

     Although the physical body is anchored to the present the mind travels
in time and  space.  The now consists of the point where future time
intercepts past existence.  This point is where an energy transfer takes
place from the time energy of space to the real time of our past behavior
or history.  History is dead time.  It exists in the mind of the rememberer
until it dies and disappears.  Records can be made, but they eventually
disappear too.  So the mind of man is finite and consists of all that he
remembers or has records of.  What I'm getting at is man and his world sits
still in the present and the time-energy flowing through him energizes his
present.  So man and the world of man are like a projection slide through
which the time energy plays and projects our existence out on the tapestry
of created 'our time'.  So man starts out as a pattern, illuminated by the
time energy, he plays out his life in the emerging scroll of history.  We
do not go into the future. The so called future comes into existence at the
intersection of the time-energy flow with the matter (man, animals, the
world) which is present.  So the species has a total existence of what it
remembers, together with the potentiality of what is present being
energized by the time energy flow through it.

     We can say that things 'age' because of this time energy flow.  The
miracle of life is that it has converted 'age' into a cycle through the
mechanism of the seed. In this context, 'immortality' consists of
remembering your past, up to the limit of the species itself--as manifested
in any given region of space.  We are all different parts in the body of
the Universe, we just didn't know we were.

     This blood plasma, this time energy flowing through all of us and
everything, this is the fundamental energy of the Universe which animates
all things.  If everything which moves, and age is a form of motion, is
animated by the same time energy; all lesser forms of energy, i.e.
electricity, heat and pressure, are derived from that basic flow.  It
should be simple for us to tap this energy for the key is time is motion.

     THE EQUIVALENCE ENGINE: The equivalence engine consists of a torsion
pendulum excited at the nodal point.  Power is taken from the end in
motion.  With reference to figure (1a) we see a system which is a
combination of two metal discs separated and connected by an elastic
member, a rod joining the discs by their centers affixed perpendicular to
the surface of the disc ends.  This "bar-bell" is caused to oscillate, is
set in its natural mode of torsional oscillation by twisting one of the
combination in relation to the other and then releasing the pair to freely
oscillate in the manner shown at the natural frequency of the system.

     The natural frequency of such a system is related to a resonance
usually described in terms of an energy interchange occurring between
energy stored in the twisting of the rod member, 1/2ke squared, and the
motional energy of rotation stored in the contra-oscillating disc flywheels
at either end of the twisting rod.  Actually if one intends to find the
frequency of oscillation of such a system in the fundamental torsional mode
he finds that he is stumped for classical mechanics gives no answer to such
a question.

     Actually the behavior of such a system is outside the bounds of
presently understood paradigms.  For example if we have such a system as
given in figure (1a) and it has been given a twist and it is oscillating in
its fundamental mode with the disc flywheel at either end of the twisting
torsion shaft moving in opposite sense of rotation simultaneously and
sinusoidally back and forth; we can see if we cut the rod in two, figure
(1b), we can excite the same sort of torsional oscillation of figure (1a)
by simply providing a source of sinusiodal torque excitation at the center
of the rod which duplicated the alternating torque situation which existed
when the rod was whole, (i.e. the two parts were put together).  The
equivalence engine results when the end of one shaft (and disc) still in
motion does not know the missing one half of the oscillating system has
been replaced by an equivalent oscillating torque boundary constraint.

     FORCE-ENERGY: The Force-Energy Equivalence Principle replaces the
Work-Energy paradigm to explain the operation of the system.  Clearly, the
end of the torsion pendulum situation shown in figure (1b) which is in
motion undisturbed by the replacement of the missing half of the system by
a sinusoidal torque generator of the appropriate frequency to excite the
rod-disc combination at its natural frequency.

     In the same wise if there had been power being transmitted through the
system, i.e. a combination of DC motors, one use as a generator and excited
at the resonant frequency of the system by AC--if the motor driving the
disc at one end of such a system were moved to the center and operated in a
blocked armature mode so as to produce a sinusoidal torque only, no motion
of the shaft,--then we would have a situation where work out-put was
extracted; was extracted from the generator end for no mechanical work
input (2de) at the driven end.  The situation shown at figure (1c) is the
resultant equivalence engine.

     PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Experiments performed by this author have
investigated three modes of sinusoidal torque generation without motion:
(a) direct current electric motor in blocked armature mode. (b) torsional
magnetostriction in nickel mode. (c) sinusoidal torque generation from
constrained gyroscopic procession.

     Apparatus for the generation of force without motion I call Force
Machines, i.e. electromagnetic, magnetostrictive, or gyroscopic.  It is
clear, that aside from mechanical losses, such forces are generated without
mechanical work.  For this reason, optimization of these drive systems
requires the minimization of electrical and mechanical losses incurred in
the production of the force out-put of any given drive engine.  In so far
as the out-put being extracted from the generator (motional) end of the
machine, no work is required.

     If we think about it, the sinusoidal torque generator, force machine,
which is supplying the alternating torque boundary condition at the input
end of the rod,--is doing just that, providing sinusoidal torque boundary
condition at the precise natural resonant frequency of the rod disc
fly-wheel-generator combination.

     Tests made with a combination of two high-performance low inertia
motors and a rod disc combination resonating at 60 cps reveal a predicted
performance of the disappearance of back emf of the drive motor at
resonance while at the same time the torsional oscillation of the motional
(generator) end remained constant.  Under these circumstances the
configuration shown (figure 1c) has delivered one milliwatt of free energy
power into a one ohm load resistance with 9 watts being consumed in the
(DC) resistance of the drive motor (force machine).

     In terms of a construction of a commercial power generation machine
capable of useful out-put and self energization it is clear to see the
performance rests on the reduction of the DC resistance of the motor
armature and the development of a high efficiency AC generator system
around a motion that consists of the alternating torsional motion of an
armature through so many degrees back and forth.

     How much power can be extracted from such a machine?  When the loading
is such that the armature-shaft combination oscillating member is reduced
in "Q" factor from the unloaded value (usually several hundred) to a "Q" of
two maximum power is achieved.  When exactly 1/2 the total stored energy is
extracted from the oscillating system per cycle the system will "die".
This is when the resonance is destroyed and the system does not remember
from one cycle to the next what its natural frequency was.  At this point a
"Q" factor of two is reached.

     At the no load condition the equivalence engine has a phase shift of
90 degrees between the out-put voltage and the drive current.  When the
load on the machine is increased the input and out-put can approach an in
phase condition.  For this reason it is better to excite the machine from
an external oscillator powered by, but not necessarily phase synchronous
with the machine out-put voltage.  The "efficiency" of the
electro-magnetically excited equivalency engine is seen thus to depend on
the DC resistance of the electro-magnetic force machine drive engine and
the normal motional electric generator efficiency for a machine whose
armature is constrained to move through a certain angular sector and whose
performance is optimized for such a mode and frequency of oscillation of a
given resonant system.

     Using the magnetostrictive principle, tiny equivalence engines can be
used to replace most of the applications of batteries (except to start
equivalence engines). The nickel drive rod force machine would have to be
fabricated of many small wires to have low electrical losses at the
frequency of operation.  We have constructed such a machine with an
operating frequency of 5Kc.  Operation was conventional and as expected.

     The most powerful form of equivalence engine excitation can be
obtained from a precessing gyroscope.  Such a force machine drive engine
combination is shown as figure (2).  The combination of gyroscopes as shown
produces an alternating torque in one plane (the plane of the paper), when
the torques of the precessing gyroscopes add.  The gearing as shown is
phased to, produce torque cancellation, one gyro by the other, about a line
perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The simplest most effective
combination of this sort is a single gyro which is precessed about one axis
and the alternating torque thus generated is constrained in two axis
perpendicular to each other, and to the axis of constrained precession--a
rectangular box at the center of a cross.  For this, four alternating
current generators can be excited with the out-puts in a 90 degree phase
relation one pair to the other.  The only losses incurred in such a machine
are frictional in the motion of the precessed driven gyroscope.  With the
force levels obtainable--easily up to the ultimate strength of the
materials of the flywheel and bearings--friction, and the heat generated
there-from may be one of the principle design parameters together with the
selection of the materials in the practical realization of the machine.

     WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM: Two of the men who have penetrated
most deeply into the understanding of "Cosmic Energy" are Mr. John Bigelow
and Mr. J.G. Gallimore, both of Indianapolis, Indiana.  John Bigelow calls
it "Earth Energy" --The Entrancing Force With a Thousand Names.  Gallimore
says: " The energy itself has two polarities which are spiral twined
together or may exist separately.  These energies may divide into two more
which are generally locked into matter".  The paradigms of religion and
science merge once more with the realization the polarities of the (time)
energy are male and female aspects.  Since the spatial reality is energized
in the now (present) by the time energy flowing into it into the past, the
male female aspects of the time energy flowing into them and making them
alive.  The rest of the world is created from these fundamental polarities.

     One can think of these things not simply from the point of symmetry,
since if male and female were exactly equal and opposite, there could be no
issuance of generation from their mutual annihilation.  This does not mean
that clockwise would be equivalent to anti-clockwise, since symmetry is not
shown to be a basic principle of the Universe.  As well, Kozyrev of Russia
has observed slight differences in the weight and inertial mass of rotating
gyroscopes of identical rest mass tested in the clockwise and
anti-clockwise sense of rotation with their rotational axes identically
aligned.

     The better understanding of the whole situation is obtained (see
figure 4).  In figure (4) we have what I feel is the most general
interpretation of the equivalence engine and its energy out-put which can
be expressed in terms of the language available.  We see that the operation
of a torsion pendulum, an elastic torsion member, to one end of which is
attached a flywheel disc.  The free end of the torsion member is driven at
the frequency of natural resonance of the system by a force engine, a Force
Machine whose function is to provide a live constraint in the form of a
sinusoidal torque variation exactly cancelling the opposing forces in the
torsion member--a condition which occurs for any level of torque excitation
provided at the exact resonant frequency of the system.

     Such a combination, excited as shown, can be understood within a
paradigm which comprehends the excitation of a system such as shown in
figure (4) as the conference of a condition of polarity on the oscillating
system.  The motionless end is the female end and the motional flywheel end
of the system is the male end.  The condition of excitation of the
equivalence engine by sinusoidal torque impulses at the resonant frequency
of the system creates a condition where the male aspect of the time energy
flow is drawn to the motional oscillating disc flywheel and the female
passive aspect is drawn to the live constraint condition existing at the
driven end of the system.  The union of the male and female time energy
aspects in the body of the machine can result in the generation of large
amounts of useful electricity.  If we consider the electrochemical battery
in the most general terms, electricity results from the union of
male-female aspects of the polarization arising from the action of an
electrolyte joining the male female elements--and so on down the line. The
greatest activity can be developed out of situations joining the male and
female elements as archetypes.  The most powerful situation which can be
mechanically created is the equivalence engine driven by alternating force
impulses created from the driven  precession of a single rotating gyroscope
which is constrained by the resonant reaction torques arising from driven
torsional oscillations of the flywheel discs  oscillating in the four
possible directions in planes perpendicular and orthogonal to the  driven
axis.  Figure (3), we call this the Philadelphia Electric Machine.

     CONCLUSIONS: I hope it is not necessary to demonstrate the existence
of time- energy by lighting a light bulb from it.  As you can see, we
already light our bulbs from it, and, in any case I have already shown I
can convert at least a tiny fraction of it into one milliwatt of
electricity.  The important part is that we can only understand these
machines out of paradigms more basic than common science acknowledges.  The
male female time energy paradigm has been with us from the Ancients. The
energy has a thousand names because: (1) it is indescribable, and (2)
everyone who discovers it puts his own name on it.  It is entrancing,
because everyone who goes after it and finds some of it becomes entranced
and intoxicated with (divine) energy.  And so we find it again.

     FIGURE (4): THE SHIVA-SHAKTI ENGINE.  In terms of new sources of
energy of course everyone is very curious about what the energy is and from
where does it come about.  Of course Time-Energy is a beautiful paradigm
and it relates right back to concepts arising out of our present physics.
In the search for more general basis for our thoughts we are intellectually
driven to the most basic understandings developed by man.  These are the
religious philosophies and they attend to the understanding of the most
fundamental and basic forces in the Universe of understanding of man.

     In terms of a discussion of so called 'free' energy it seems that we
have nothing to add to the already profuse body of religious and esoteric
dialectic relating to the basic life force energy and source of causes in
the Universe. However, in order to make the equivalence engine more
understandable to someone who thinks in religious basic terms I can use
some knowledge taken from Hindu vendanta. In these reasonings the basic
life force of the Universe is taken to have male and female aspects the
Shiva and Shakti of the Hindu Vedas.  The 'play' or dance of Shiva and
Shakti energizes the created world.  In this context, fire is what we know
of the destructive aspect of this relationship.  In line with these
interpretations it would seem to me that to interpret the equivalence
engine in these most general terms would be to see the motion of the
torsion pendulum, dancing as shown with a steady sinusoidal note at the
natural frequency of the system represents a condition of the creative
aspect of the merging of the Shiva and Shakti elements of the life force
energy; in so doing providing illumination for the world.  In terms of
magical interpretation of Nature, a match provides an invocation of the
destructive aspect of the merging Shiva and Shakti which we know as fire.
Conferrence of a condition of torsional vibration on the system as shown,
the equivalence engine, results in the establishment of a situation of
polarities of the instrument into male (Shiva) and female (Shakti) elements
joined by a twisting rod in torsional oscillation at the natural frequency
of combination of the system.  Under these circumstances (invocation) the
male and female time energy aspects are preferentially drawn to the
appropriate respective ends of the system.

     When electrical energy is drawn from such a device, excited as shown,
the male- female time energy merging in the body of the machine shown
provide the reservoir from which the useful output of the machine is drawn.
If for instance the twisting torsion shaft holds peak 100 watt seconds of
energy at the maximum of its cycle and the shaft is oscillating at 1000
cycles per second (both reasonable and practical figures for a useful
machine) then if we withdraw 1 watt per cycle we would have an out put of
1000 electrical watts; if we withdrew the maximum possible just short of
killing the resonance (Q=2), then we would have a maximum of 50 KW
possible.  These factors are theoretical and assume a generator efficiency
of 100% in the conversion of mechanical to electrical power.  A practical
large vibratory generation system might achieve a generator efficiency of
.9 which would make the out put of our small machine described above 45
kilowatts electrical.

     A machine as powerful as the SHIVA-SHAKTI machine represents the same
force as fire in its destructive aspect would be if it were channeled into
creative force.  In terms of what we get is in our genes I am tempted to
make the comparison during the 'Space Age' the '60's' we were doing the
"Twist" and now, the resemblance between the archetypal equivalence engine
as shown and certain varieties of naturally occurring psychedelic mushrooms
which have become the preoccupation of amateur mycologists the world over,
is unmistakable.  As the inventor of the equivalence engine I can say that
reality is a curious thing.  If we think about finding what is in our
genes, maybe it is possible to see, get some idea of, the intensity of the
symbolism which is reality.

     Nothing which is far out is very useful.  I speak here of the Uranium
and the Plutonium merchants who chant that their merchandise will do
everything for the world.  The things which are commonplace or ordinary,
these are the elements which will help us, the constructive elements, iron,
copper, bronze.  Uranium and Plutonium are poisons on every level of
existence.  There is nothing good about them.  So if one needs an esoteric
reason to avoid radioactivity here is one, the symbolism is obvious.  The
equivalence engine should replace all the intended activities of the
bombmakers and the warmakers, two kinds of anti-social far-out activities
which should be eliminated from our society.


REFERENCES:

"EARTH ENERGY - THE ENTRANCING FORCE WITH A THOUSAND NAMES,"  John Bigelow,
1977, Health Research, P.O.Box 70, Mokelumne Hill, CA. 95245

"VOLUME II-COLLECTED PROPERTIES AND WRITINGS OF J.G. GALLIMORE,"  Vol. 2 of
THE HANDBOOK OF UNUSUAL ENERGIES, J.G. Gallimore, Health Research,
Mokelumne Hill, CA.

"UNDERSTANDING THE DROPPING OF THE SPINNING BALL EXPERIMENT,"  Bruce E.
DePalma, Simularity Institute Report, 3 May 1977.^Z