_____________________________________________________________________________
|  File Name      : MRA2.ASC         |  Online Date     :  04/15/95         |
|  Contributed by : Joel McClain     |  Dir Category    :  ENERGY           |
|  From           : KeelyNet BBS     |  DataLine        :  (214) 324-3501   |
|           KeelyNet * PO BOX 870716 * Mesquite, Texas * USA * 75187        |
|        A FREE Alternative Sciences BBS sponsored by Vanguard Sciences     |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
                         Magnetic Resonance Amplifier

                  MRA2.ASC  How to build it...how it works...

                                April 14, 1995
                  -------------------------------------------
                  With Special Thanks to Mr. Greg Hodowanec.
                  -------------------------------------------


The need has been expressed for further information with regard to the MRA in
theory and in operation.  We have seen the initial theories put into operation
in devices which make use of common components, which helps to put the
technology in the hands of a broader base of people.

Given that this is occurring, this file is intended to help those who wish to
build and test their own MRA.  Working versions have been made from a
surprising variety of "components"...from 741 op-amps which provide
oscillation for radio amplifiers, which in turn power the MRA, to surplus
welding heads, and some plain old surplus parts from junk drawers.  All give
the same over-unity results.

As such, there are "classes" of MRA.  The "Class A" is the original design,
which employs three octaves of resonance to a barium-titanate piezo/capacitor,
which is in series with a transformer wound around a barium-ferrite magnet.
While this design has the most promise for higher power output levels, it is
also the most difficult to exactly replicate.  The lattice resonations of the
barium will also entrain similar latticed materials in the circuit into
sympathetic vibration, and this has meant the end-of-service for a lot of test
equipment.

However, it is believed that a CONTROLLED resonation of silicon, such as in
the transistors supplying the MRA, will yield additional energy in the form of
harmonic potentials.  We have seen these harmonics in the oscilloscope
waveforms, and measured their effect in the output of the MRA.  An important
distinction here is in the term POTENTIAL.  The titanium dielectric of the
piezo will "slip" or "pass along" potential variations without conducting
electrical current.

These potentials are phase inverted by the MRA components, along with the
source potentials, as a result of typical series resonance.  For those who are
not familiar with the voltage and current phase relationships in a series
resonant circuit, we suggest a trip to the local library for a reference book
on A.C. circuits with lumped constants.  For those already familiar (a small
group today when everything "new" is either digital or linear analog!),
consider the effects that occur when the applied frequency is raised well
above the peak resonant frequency, and into the highly inductive and virtually
lossless region of operation.  Coil Q becomes circuit Q.  Less energy is
required as a result of voltages no longer 180 out, and current(s) begin to
cancel.

The effective impedance of the circuit soars.  The Q ratio of primary
potential relative to source potential raises the primary potential to several
times the source potential for the same current, because net current remains
constant in a series circuit.  The capacitor voltage is below source and the
inductor voltage is well above source, so that more energy is stored for
virtually lossless transfer and less is used or dissipated as heat, while
simultaneously increasing the effective nonlinear impedance.

Now to go back to that term, "slipping" potential.  If you press your hand
against an elastic membrane, it stretches, and the force of your hand
(potential) is felt on the other side of the membrane, while the hand itself
(current) does not pass through.  As long as there is a device on the other
side of the membrane to convert the pressure into work, the current is not
necessary, nor is it even desirable.  Surely, you COULD stretch and tear the
membrane, which is the exact effect of allowing current to pass in a circuit
and generating heat.

We all know that electrical power consists of the mixture of potential and
current being dissipated across a load.  The "slipped" potential will become
power AFTER it phase cancels as a result of the saturated ferrite
(electromagnetic) core, wherein its only path of conduction is the output
load.  Pass the potential please, but hold the current...

Previously (and astounding, currently) classical theory has held that when
potentials are phase cancelled, they are "gone".  Never mind the obvious
contradiction with conservation of energy...we can't "see" it with
electromagnetic based test equipment, so it isn't there.  If you have a
resonating electromagnetic (or magnetic) core in the proximity of these
"cancelled" energies, you will "see" them at work powering your load.
Additionally, you will measure output power in the form of external, ambient
potentials which you did NOT create.

These are the potentials inherent to Maxwell's theories, which were "murdered
from the theory" by Heaviside...his choice of words.  Others have referred to
these potentials as the "aether", most notably Nikola Tesla in our own
century.  Aether was never "saleable" to the general scientific community, nor
to the benefactors who supported it, but "murdered" though it was, it just
wouldn't die.  It's real.  It works.

How this obvious fact has been selectively ignored for so long remains a
mystery.  I'm not a mystery writer, so draw your own conclusions.

As of the writing of this file, the MRA had been verified by at least one
major scientific organization.  We respect their wishes regarding not
mentioning them by name.  Having personally experienced the slings and arrows
of innumerable "keepers of the faith"   via the Internet, I thoroughly agree
with and support their decision.

Next, I would like to provide some real-world how-to instructions for those
who would like to build their own working model.  You will need a signal
source, a piezo/capacitor, transformer, frequency counter, meter or 'scope and
some resistors.  You will have to be able to tell when your circuit is at peak
resonance (Xl=Xc), and to "tune" it into the highly inductive reactive region
of operation.

The choice of capacitor is the most important, as it must be a stacked layer
component, not rolled.  Good results have been reported with the silver-mica
dipped capacitor, as well as with the Radio Shack piezo element, part number
273-091.  It has also been suggested that some ceramic disc capacitors have
titanium dielectric material, so this is a possible choice.  For use in a
small transformer (PC mount) circuit, where the inductance of the coil is
about 5MH, a value of 680pf will result in a circuit which exhibits highest
gain in the area of 120-130 KHz.

The transformer should be step-down to maintain the highest Xl in the primary
circuit.  A ratio of 4 or 5 to one works well.  Ferrite core seems to be the
best choice.  Your signal source can be an ordinary signal generator, provided
that it produces SINE WAVE output.  You may alternatively elect to build your
own op-amp tunable oscillator, and if so you may want to use the basic circuit
design from the Radio Shack book, part number 276-5011A.

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  !!!!!!!!!!
                                  DISCLAIMER
                                  !!!!!!!!!!

This circuit can and its derivatives have been known to cause failure of test
equipment.  Circuit information is provided for those who wish to investigate
the phenomena associated with the MRA.  Investigation of the phenomena
associated with this circuitry entails the risk of loss of equipment.  Do so
on your own tab...there is no Santa Claus!

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Proper test technique requires a load device, preferably carbon resistance.
The load resistor should be large enough to obtain useful measurements, but
small enough that it can be increased with corresponding increases in output
voltage.  For the small MRA, this tends to be in the range of 150-850 ohms.

You will also need a series resistor to place between the MRA and the signal
source.  The purpose of this resistor is to provide a voltage drop from which
primary current can be calculated.  Small MRAs tend to have a wider bandwidth
and can tolerate larger values of resistance in series without vastly
affecting gain.  Any resistance in a circuit which is BY DESIGN reactive will
have an effect.  In the case of a series resonant circuit, the effect is to
flatten the resonance curve.

Flattening the curve alters the nonlinear characteristics, i.e., makes it into
a linear circuit with the effect of higher primary current and therefore lower
gain.  Resistor choice is a compromise at best, where you choose between ease
of measurement and amount of gain.  Use the smallest value of resistance which
allows for stable measurement, and this is typically in the range of from 2 to
20 ohms.

As you can see, there is a very wide margin for component choice, and it is
quite likely that the "best" choices are yet to be made.  The investigation is
ongoing.

Next, we will test the finished device.  A frequency counter comes in very
handy for this, although some of the better DVMs have a frequency counting
mode built into them.  You will want to verify that the circuit is in fact
oscillating, and that you have some level of output.  A pair of LEDs connected
together as a full wave rectifier across the secondary winding will suffice.
Do not operate the circuit without a load on the secondary windings.

Begin at low level A.C. input to avoid overdriving the circuit.  There is a
maximum applied potential for every design, above which the coil can no longer
"multiply" source voltage based upon its Q.  Further, the potentials across
the primary and capacitor can become excessive.  This is typical of all series
resonant circuits, and appropriate care should be taken to avoid exceeding
your component ratings as well as to avoid getting shocked by the elevated
potentials.  Measure your potentials and keep track of them as you operate the
circuit.

At peak resonance, Xl=Xc, and the primary potential will equal the capacitor
potential, and both will be above source potential.  As you increase
frequency, the capacitive potential will drop relative to the primary
potential.  When it is below the source potential, and while the primary
potential is above the source potential, measure the drop across your primary
resistor.  Divide this by the resistor value to determine the circuit current.
Multiply this by the source voltage to determine input power.

Measure the voltage drop across the secondary load resistor, and likewise,
divide it by the amount of resistance to determine secondary current.
Multiply this by the secondary voltage to determine output power.

Divide output power by input power to determine the gain of your circuit.  Try
the same test at higher frequencies, until you observe the point at which gain
is no longer possible.  Try slight increases in input potential (reminder: use
care!) to find the operating range of your device.

Lastly, share your results.
                                                        Joel McClain
_____________________________________________________________________________