AOH :: SPORTCAR.TXT
Rec.autos.sport FAQ (FAQ on fast cars!)
|
Archive-name: autos/sport/introduction
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sep 26th 1994
Version: 1.3
The rec.autos.sport FAQ
A few of the things you might have
wanted to know about motorsport
Copyright 1994 by Motorsport News International. Permission
is granted to freely distribute or edit any portion of this document.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 How to find the FAQ
This will be posted monthly to rec.autos.sport.info, rec.autos.sport,
rec.answers and news.answers.
The FAQ is now available in several formats:
1.1.1 ASCII Text
The latest text version of the FAQ is also available from:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/introduction
Several other servers have the FAQ, although these may be updated less
frequently. On some these servers have the filenames for the FAQ are
derived from the "Subject:" line. I think these are an early version
of
the FAQ which was posted to rec.autos.sport without suggested archive
filenames.
Europe:
ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/pub/usenet/usenet-by-
group/rec.autos.sport/introductionn
ftp://ftp.sunet.se:/pub/usenet/rec.autos.sport/introduction
ftp.uni-paderborn.de:/doc/FAQ/rec.autos.sport
gopher://gopher.uni-paderborn.de:70/0/Service/FTP
America:
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-
hierarchy/rec/answers/autos/sport/introductionn
ftp://ftp.uu.net:/usenet/news.answers/autos/sport/introduction.Z
ftp://ftp.mty.itesm.mx:/pub/usenet/news.answers/autos/sport/introducti
on
gopher://jupiter.sun.csd.unb.ca:70
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/FAQ-List.html
Asia:
ftp://ftp.edu.tw:/USENET/FAQ/rec/autos/sport
1.1.2 WWW
The latest hypertext version is available by WWW at:
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/rasfaq.html
http://www.erc.msstate.edu/~js1/rasfaq.html
1.1.3 LaTeX
latex2html can compile this into HTML files on your local machine.
This
will let you WWW browser without getting each file separately across
the
network. The files are zipped together. Remember to transfer them as
binary.
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/rasfaq_latex.zip
1.1.4 Postscript
The Postscript version of the FAQ looks quite nice but is a bit of a
tree-killer at 97 pages. I can split this into smaller chunks if
anyone
is interested.
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/rasfaq.ps
1.2 Getting files by e-mail and ftp
If you only have electronic mail, the FAQ can also be retrieved from
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu, listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr,
ftp-mail@uni-paderborn.de and ftpmail@ftp.edu.tw
For information on how to use FTP, send e-mail to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with with no subject line. In the body of the
mail put: send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
1.3 What is a FAQ ?
This is normally a Frequently Asked Question, although some people
prefer to call them Frequently Answered Questions. Some of the entries
in this FAQ aren't actually answered or even asked very often, but I
think they are some questions that should be answered.
Whilst some care has been taken in the preparation of this FAQ, a few
errors may have slipped through the net (no pun intended). Please send
any corrections or additions to rasfaq@bath.ac.uk.
Throughout the FAQ, telephone numbers are quoted by giving the
country,
the international dialing code in parentheses, (), followed by the
rest
of the number. Although this is a little unwieldy, it is clear and
consistent. To dial from the same country, you usually dial 0 instead
of
the international dialing code. Check your telephone book for
instructions
on International calls. You may not be able to reach some numbers from
another country (for example: North American 1-800 numbers).
1.4 Contents of the FAQ
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 How to find the FAQ
1.1.1 ASCII Text
1.1.2 WWW
1.1.3 LaTeX
1.1.4 Postscript
1.2 Getting files by e-mail and ftp
1.3 What is a FAQ ?
1.4 Contents of the FAQ
2 NETTIQUETTE
2.1 The Content of Your Post
2.2 The Style of Your Post
2.3 Practicalities
2.4 Spoilers
2.5 Handling Frequently Asked Questions
3 CHARTERS
3.1 rec.autos.sport
3.2 rec.autos.sport.info
3.3 rec.autos.sport.f1
3.4 rec.autos.sport.indy
3.5 rec.autos.sport.nascar
3.6 rec.autos.sport.misc
3.7 rec.autos.sport.tech
3.8 rec.autos.simulators
3.9 Others related newsgroups
4 MAILING LISTS
4.1 Motorsport
4.2 Autocross
4.3 DRML (Drag Racing Mailing List)
4.4 Hotrods
4.5 Karting
4.6 NASCAR
4.7 Rallying
4.8 Wheel-to-wheel
4.9 Formula SAE
5 OTHER INTERNET RESOURCES
5.1 What are WWW and IRC?
5.2 Some interesting WWW URLs
5.3 Gopher
5.4 IRC channels
5.5 Televised Events
6 1994 RACE SCHEDULES
6.1 Single Seaters
6.1.1 FIA Formula 1 World Championship Schedule
6.1.2 FIA International F3000 Championship
6.1.3 Japanese F3000 Championship
6.1.4 PPG IndyCar World Series
6.1.5 SCCA Player's Ltd Toyota Atlantic Championship
6.1.6 PPG-Firestone Indy Lights Championship, powered by Buick
6.1.7 Barber SAAB
6.1.8 American Cities Racing League (ACRL)
6.2 Stock Cars
6.2.1 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
6.2.2 NASCAR Busch Series, Grand National Division
6.2.3 IMSA Exxon World Sports Car Supreme GT
6.2.4 SCCA Trans-Am
6.2.5 Bridgestone Supercar
6.2.6 Firestone Firehawk Endurance
6.2.7 ASA AC-Delco Challenge Series Schedule
6.2.8 Auto Trader British Touring Car Championship (BTCC. Class II
6.2.9 Deutsche Tourenwagen-Meisterschaft (DTM or GTCC) (Class I
Touring
6.2.10 ONS/ADAC Tourenwagen-Cup (German Class-II-Touring Cars)
6.2.11 Miscellaneous Races
6.3 Rallying
6.3.1 FIA World Rally Championship
6.3.2 SCCA Pro Rally Championship
6.3.3 Canadian Rally Championship (CRC)
6.4 NHRA Drag Racing
7 1994 DRIVER LINE UPS
7.1 1994 Formula One Drivers
7.2 1994 IndyCar Drivers
7.3 1994 NASCAR Drivers
7.4 1994 BTCC Drivers
7.5 1994 DTM Drivers
8 1994 F1 SPECIFICATIONS
8.1 What is the relationship between FIA, FOCA and F1 ?
8.2 How powerful were the `turbo' F1 cars ?
8.3 How do pnematic valve return systems work ?
8.4 How much does it cost to run a F1 team?
8.5 How is F1 Prize Money Shared Out ?
8.6 How did Ron Dennis come to run McLaren ?
8.7 How did Frank Williams get into Formula One ?
9 1994 INDYCAR SPECIFICATIONS
9.1 Chassis
9.2 Aerodynamics
9.3 Tyres
9.4 Engines
9.5 Fuel
9.6 How much does it cost to run an IndyCar team?
10 QUALIFYING FOR THE INDY 500
10.1 Which cars start the race ?
10.2 How are the qualifying days organised ?
10.3 How is the race starting order decided ?
10.4 How big is the track at Indy ?
10.5 How can I get tickets for the Indy 500 ?
10.6 Qualifying for other IndyCar Races
11 POINTS SYSTEMS
11.1 How does the F1 points system work?
11.2 How does the IndyCar points system work?
12 MISCELLANEOUS
12.1 What are the IndyCar flag rules ?
12.2 Andretti vs Mansell
12.3 What are the pros and cons of gravel traps, tyre walls, armco
& walls
12.4 Where can I send condolences to the Family of Ayrton Senna ?
12.5 What Helmet was Ayrton Senna Wearing When he Crashed?
13 NASCAR INFORMATION
13.1 Technical Regulations
13.2 So How Much of a `Stock Car' is `Stock' ?
13.3 What is a `restrictor plate' ?
13.4 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
13.5 NASCAR Busch Series, Grand National Division
13.6 ASA AC-Delco Challenge Series Schedule
13.7 1994 NASCAR Drivers
13.8 How does the NASCAR Winston Cup points system work?
13.9 How are rookie points decided ?
13.10 How are NASCAR provisional starts decided ?
13.11 Who is the guy that's always in the NASCAR victory lane ?
13.12 How can I find MRN radio ?
13.13 How can I get information about watching a NASCAR race ?
14 GENERAL QUESTIONS
14.1 Who is the greatest driver of all time ?
14.2 Which is the best racing series ?
14.3 Murray Walker
14.4 Motorsport GIFs and JPEGs ?
14.5 Which are good races to spectate at ?
14.6 Where can I get tickets for races ?
14.6.1 San Marino GP, May 1st 1994
14.6.2 Canadian GP, June 12 1994
14.6.3 British GP, July 16th 1995
14.6.4 Italian GP, September 11th 1994
14.7 Origins of the names of teams and Manufacturers
14.8 What are the origins of F1 chassis numbers ?
14.9 How are F1 race numbers allocated ?
14.10 Why is there no US GP ?
15 MOTORSPORT PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
15.1 Pronouncing `English' names
15.2 Pronouncing Germanic names
15.3 Pronouncing Japanese names
15.4 Pronouncing French and Canadian names
15.5 Pronouncing Portugeuse and Brazilian names
15.6 Pronouncing Finnish names
16 REC.AUTOS.SPORT AND USENET
16.1 The race finished hours ago. Where are all the results ?
16.2 Where are r.a.s.info, r.a.s.tech, r.a.s.nascar, r.a.s.f1 &
r.a.s.misc
?
16.3 How many people read the rec.autos.sport hierarchy ?
16.4 Where can I get the latest race results and championship
16.5 Now that rec.autos.sport has split, why not make
16.6 Why rec.autos.sport.* and not rec.sport.autos.* ?
17 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
17.1 How do I Join the Pick6 competitions ?
17.2 Which are faster: Racing cars or racing motorbikes ?
17.3 Which are faster: F1 or IndyCars ?
17.4 Can a car decelerate faster than 1G ?
17.5 Car X handles superbly. All it needs is more power
17.6 What are the advantages of Carbon Fibre Brakes ?
17.7 Who helped make this FAQ ?
18 TOURING CAR REGULATIONS
18.1 FIA Class 1 Touring Car Technical Regulations
18.2 FIA Class 2 Touring Car Technical Regulations
19 GETTING INVOLVED WITH MOTORSPORT
19.1 Marshalling(Course Working)
19.1.1 What type of training do marshalls need for
19.1.2 What type of training do F1 marshalls need ?
19.2 Helping a Race Team
20 STARTING RACING
20.1 Which series ?
20.1.1 single-seaters
20.1.2 stock cars
20.2 Race Driving Schools
20.2.1 F1 Racing school
20.2.2 SCCA Racing Schools
20.2.3 Sprint Car Driving School
20.2.4 Drag Race Driving School
20.3 Kart Racing
20.3.1 Classes of karting
21 RACE SCANNERS
21.1 Is that all that you can use a scanner for?
21.2 Where is it legal to use a scanner ?
21.2.1 USA
21.2.2 UK
21.3 Scanner Features
21.3.1 Setting Frequencies
21.3.2 Which frequency bands - 200, 400 or 800Mhz
21.3.3 Will you be able to hear it ?
21.3.4 Bleedover
21.3.5 Batteries
21.4 What Scanner Should I Buy?
21.4.1 Uniden
21.4.2 Radio Shack
21.5 Some Comments on Scanners at Races
21.6 Where to buy a scanner or frequency lists
22 MISCELLANEOUS
22.1 What is Formula SAE ?
22.2 What is `John Winter's' real name ?
23 ADDRESSES
23.1 Track Addresses
23.2 Addresses for Motor Sport Magazines
23.3 Addresses of Bookshops
23.4 Motorsport Video Companies
23.5 Motorsport Governing Bodies
23.6 TV Company Addresses
23.7 F1 Team Addresses
23.8 IndyCar Team Addresses
23.9 NASCAR Team Addresses
23.10 More Addresses
2. NETTIQUETTE
A lot of people read this newsgroup - over 100,000 at the latest
estimate. Some readers are restricted to tortuously slow connections.
Some people pay for their connect time by the minute. Other people
just
like to read news when the Net is running slowly. When you post,
please
ask yourself questions like:
2.1 The Content of Your Post
o Are you discussing `organised, legal auto competitions' ?
rec.autos.sport is not for discussion of roadgoing `sports cars'.
o Would it be better to post to rec.autos.sport,
rec.autos.sport.tech
or rec.autos.sport.nascar ? The charters for these newsgroups are
listed in section 3.
o Is a cross posted article is directly relevant to all of the
groups
where it will appear ? It is usually wrong to cross post an
article
to both rec.autos.sport and one of its subgroups (eg r.a.s.tech
or
r.a.s.nascar).
o It is perfectly legal to reproduce short extracts of a
copyrighted
work for critical purposes, but reproduction in whole is strictly
and
explicitly forbidden by international and US copyright law.
2.2 The Style of Your Post
o Would you want to read what you are writing ? Might it be better
to
email a comment, or even make no comment ? Spelling and grammar
flames are particularly dull for the rest of the world, as are
posts
which follow fifty lines of quoted text with I agree.
o On the Net, most people only know you by the words that you
write.
People will pay more attention to your thoughts if your writing
is
clear and easy to read.
o Trim down your quotes. Delete parts of the article that you are
not
responding to such as other people's signatures. Its best to have
as
little as possible from previous posts.
o Humour, and particularly sarcasm, is often misunderstood over the
Net
with hilarious consequences. A smily, :-), may be advisable.
2.3 Practicalities
o Is the subject line is both descriptive and accurate ?
o People can select the articles which most appeal to them if you
have
a keyword in the subject field like F1, INDYCAR, NHRA, WRC,
F3000,
IMSA etc. I think ADMIN is good for any posts which discuss the
day-to-day running of the group, splitting the group, or revising
the
charter.
o Please try to keep the lines in the main text of your posts to
fewer
than 80 characters per line. When lines are longer than this, it
becomes difficult to read with many news readers. 72 characters
per
line is a good length, since it allows others to quote you
without
running over 80 characters.
o If you are following up an article to create a new article,
please
remember to delete the References: line in the header. This will
help
the readers who use a threaded news reader; otherwise your new
topic
will be mixed in with an old one.
o Please do not post large files like GIFs or JPEGs to
rec.autos.sport.
They will fill the Usenet disk partitions at some sites. Some
people
cannot select which articles they want before they have to
download
them. It is much better to post them to
alt.binaries.pictures.misc
with a short post to rec.autos.sport to notify anyone who is
interested.
2.4 Spoilers
o If you are going to post about a race before some people will
have
had the chance to watch it on television, say within 48 hours of
the
race, please put (spoiler) in the Subject: line and don't give
away
the result. You might also want to give people a chance to quit
reading your message before you give them the news. The most
reliable
way of doing this is with at least 24 blank lines. L page breaks
(hold the control key and press l) do not work for some
newsreaders.
o If you have not yet seen the race, a day after it was on TV, and
you
really don't want to know who won, please abstain from r.a.s for
a
day. Even if everyone goes by the guidelines, there are always
new
people who won't know about them.
o If someone posts results without a spoiler warning, do not post a
public flame. Mail a reasonably civil email note to that person
requesting that they use (spoiler) in the future.
2.5 Handling Frequently Asked Questions
o If you are asking a basic question, please check the FAQ first.
If
the FAQ is has expired on your system, see section 1.1 for
information on how to get a copy.
o If someone posts a question about something that was resolved
recently, please answer the poster via email. Rehashing something
that was just discussed is a waste of bandwidth unless you have
something new to add.
o Many news reading programs allow you to filter the articles in a
newsgroup to ignore articles from a particular author or on
certain
subjects using a KILL file. If you're using rn or its brethren,
see
the rn KILL file FAQ in news.answers. Two lines that you might
like
in your KILL file for rec.autos.sport are:
/Subject: rec\.autos\.sport FAQ.* /h:j
/From: .*A\.H\. Henry/h:j
3. CHARTERS
3.1 rec.autos.sport
This unmoderated group is for discussion of legal, organised
competition
involving automobiles. Discussion from either of two viewpoints,
spectator and participant, is encouraged. Technical discussions are
generally more appropriately carried on in rec.autos.sport.tech, and
NASCAR (and other professional stock car racing) is discussed in
rec.autos.sport.nascar. Arguments about sports cars are largely
inappropriate, as are most other discussions. For Sale ads are
inappropriate unless they are for competition vehicles and/or
equipment.
Discussions of illegal events are marginal; one should probably avoid
advocating breaking the law. (remember, the FBI reads Usenet!)
3.2 rec.autos.sport.info
This is a moderated group which contains announcements, results,
standings, news items, press releases, schedules, `reliable' rumours,
and other information about automotive racing. No discussion is
permitted; followups are be directed to rec.autos.sport.
3.3 rec.autos.sport.f1
Anything to do with Formula 1 motor racing, including but not limited
to race results, times from testing, practice, and qualifying, silly
season predictions, rumours, and news. Discussion of teams, drivers,
cars, engines, rules, safety are also in the charter.
3.4 rec.autos.sport.indy
All Indy Car racing related discussion, including but not limited to
race results, times from testing, practice, and qualifying, silly
season predictions, rumours, and news. Discussion of teams, drivers,
cars, engines, rules, safety are also in the charter.
3.5 rec.autos.sport.nascar
This unmoderated group is for discussions about all aspects of
professional stock car racing, especially the NASCAR (Winston Cup and
Grand National) but also series such as CASCAR and AUSCAR.
3.6 rec.autos.sport.misc
Replaces rec.autos.sport as the group in which discussion of
organized,
legal motor racing that does not fall within the category of one of
the
sub-groups takes places. Now that rec.autos.sport.misc has passed,
rec.autos.sport will be removed in three months, allowing time for
traffic to move to the new groups.
3.7 rec.autos.sport.tech
An unmoderated group for discussions about the technical aspects of
racing cars. Discussions that are appropriate for this group include
F1/Indy engines, restrictor plates, aerodynamics, semi-automatic
transmissions, exotic fuels, carbon vs steel brakes, active
suspension,
chassis construction etc.
3.8 rec.autos.simulators
An unmoderated newsgroup for discussions of realistic computer
simulations of automotive vehicles, irrespective of the platforms on
which the simulations are supported. This includes simulations which
have a competitive component (racing simulations) and those which do
not. Arcade racing simulators, which give an overhead perspective and
which do not attempt to provide realism of handling of the vehicle,
would not be appropriate in this newsgroup, whilst discussion of
Microprose's Formula 1 Grand Prix and Papyrus's IndyCar Racing would
be
appropriate.
3.9 Others related newsgroups
Motorbike racing is more appropriate in rec.motorcycles.racing and
rec.motorcycles.dirt. You may also find alt.hotrod and
alt.autos.karting, on your Usenet feed.
4. MAILING LISTS
4.1 Motorsport
A general autosport mailing list. You can subscribe by sending a
message
to listserv@vtvm1.cc.vt.edu, and in the body of the message put:
sub AUTORACE your_firstname your_lastname.
4.2 Autocross
Discussion of autocrossing, SCCA Solo events. Also available as a
digest. Many members of the SCCA (Sports Car Club of America) are on
the list.
Send a message with subscribe and a return e-mail address to
autox-request@autox.team.net. List administration is not an automated
service, but is done by busy people, so it may take days, maybe even a
week or so before anything happens. Be patient.
The list can also be read by WWW here:
http://triumph.cs.utah.edu/team.net.html
or by anonymous ftp at triumph.cs.utah.edu.
4.3 DRML (Drag Racing Mailing List)
Info and discussion on amateur and professional drag racing. To
subscribe, send a message to listserv@rdt.monash.edu.au, with no
subject line. In the body of the mail, put: subscribe drml your name
(ie: John Smith)
To unsubscribe, send a message to listserv@rdt.monash.edu.au with
signoff drml in the body of the mail.
4.4 Hotrods
The hotrod list is chartered to provide a forum for people interested
in high performance vehicles to exchange ideas and discuss topics of
current interest. This list is chartered as broadly as possible
consistent with noise supression. Explicitly acceptable is any
discussion regarding increasing the performance of any vehicle with
more than three wheels.
To subscribe, send email to hotrod-request@dixie.com with subscribe
and a return email address in the Subject: line. To unsubscribe, put
the keyword drop and your return email address in the Subject: line.
This mailing list is also mirrored to alt.hotrod.
4.5 Karting
Relevant topics include recreational karting, racing, off-road,
on-road, wheel2wheel racing, mud, sand, just plain dirt,
manufacturers,
suppliers, commercial karting facilities, good tracks, bad tracks,
track design, setup, engine modifications, chassis setup, rules, lack
of rules, safety (should have been first), and anything else we can
think of. See section 20.3 for more details on karting.
To subscribe, send email to karting-request@cmr.com with subscribe in
the body of the message (not in the Subject: line).
4.6 NASCAR
This mailing list is dedicated to the open discussion of both Winston
Cup Series and Busch Series events. This includes tracks, drivers,
teams, races, events, etc.
To subscribe, send email to majordomo@dithots.dithots.org with
subscribe in the body of the message (not in the Subject: line).
4.7 Rallying
Discussion of rallying, including driving, navigating, car
preparation.
To subscribe, send e-mail to listserv@guvm.ccf.georgetown.edu with
subscribe RALLY-L in the body of the message (not in the Subject:
line).
4.8 Wheel-to-wheel
For people interested in participation in auto racing as driver,
worker
or crew. People interested in all types of wheel-to-wheel racing are
welcome, but the majority of the discussion centers on road courses.
To subscribe, send e-mail to wheeltowheel-request@abingdon.Eng.Sun.COM
with subscribe in the body of the message (not in the Subject: line).
4.9 Formula SAE
Discussion of Formula SAE (see section 22.1 for more Formula SAE
information).
To subscribe send a message to fsae-request@list.gatech.edu with a
Subject: of subscribe and no body.
5. OTHER INTERNET RESOURCES
5.1 What are WWW and IRC?
Descriptions of WWW and IRC are in the FAQs for comp.infosystems.www
and alt.irc in news.answers
5.2 Some interesting WWW URLs
Archives for rec.autos.sport.info
http://www.metrics.com/mni/index.html
F1 IndyCar & NASCAR
http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/Contribs/carina/ra.home.page.html
F1 http://www.abekrd.co.uk
Ayrton Senna GIFs http://gto.ncsa.uiuc.edu/tfischer/senna.html
F1 MPEGs http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/movies/various/index.html
Verstappen fire MPEG http://www.emi.com/employees/bownes.html
International Electric GP Association
http://www.elpress.com/iegp/iegp.html
World Rally Championship (WRC) http://www.jyu.fi/~pakar/
Road Rallying Information
http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/usr/ef1c/plug.html
Road Rallying & Club Motorsport
http://www.chem.rdg.ac.uk/g50/mmrg/john/rallying.html
Rally Australia
http://oversteer.library.uwa.edu.au/rallyaust/rallyaust94.html
Rallying and Rallycross http://tpx5.hfb.se:8000/~d93lno
Indy 500 Pictures http://www.rpi.edu/~johnsh/
Racing Circuits http://www.bath.ac.uk/~py3dlg/tracks.html
Team Lotus Info
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/lotus-cars/WWW/TeamLotus.html
Formula One Constructor Histories
http://dcpu1.cs.york.ac.uk:6666/pete/racing/index.html
Formula One Info http://zoo.bevc.blacksburg.va.us/f1.html
Motorsports Info http://barracuda3.me.mtu.edu:8023/
loew/motorsports.html
Ice Speedway
http://ws105.zfn.uni-bremen.de/icespeedway/icespeedway.html
Formula SAE http://barracuda3.me.mtu.edu:8023/~loew/FSAE/fsae.html
Automotive Engineering
http://galaxy.einet.net/galaxy/Engineering-and-
Technology/Transportation/Automootive-Engineering.html
Weekly automotive TV schedule http://www.emi.com/tve
5.3 Gopher
TAMSCC gopher://tamscc.tamu.edu
5.4 IRC channels
eFFNet
# motorsprt # Nascar # Formula1 # IndyCar
UnderNet
# Motorsport
The NASCAR race schedule, racing frequencies, TV schedule, teams,
point
system are available by IRC. They are DCCable and can be found on
RaceBOT on any of the above channels.
These servers may not run all of the time.
5.5 Televised Events
A compilation of info gleaned from TV listings, auto mags, newspapers,
tea leaves, my favourite bartender, and the nice folks at TNN. If you
are having trouble with this list arriving at your site in a timely
fashion, please let me [Bill Stoffel] know by e-mail and I will start
mailing you a copy. You can also get the information by WWW (see
section 5.2). Comments, suggestions, additions, pit passes to:
stoffel@oasys.dt.navy.mil
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
The rec.autos.sport FAQ
rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 09-27-94 Msg # 28962
To: ALL Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: rec.autos.sport FAQ comm Stat: Public
Subj: rec.autos.sport FAQ 2/7: Read: No
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ÿ@FROM :rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
ÿ@SUBJECT:rec.autos.sport FAQ 2/7: Race Schedule Frequently Asked Ques
ÿ@PACKOUT:09-28-94
Message-ID: <autos/sport/race-schedules_780652997@rtfm.mit.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.autos.sport.misc,rec.autos.sport,rec.autos.sport.info
rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: University of Bath
Archive-name: autos/sport/race-schedules
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sep 26th 1994
Version: 1.3
This will be posted monthly to rec.autos.sport.info, rec.autos.sport,
rec.answers and news.answers. It answers some of the most frequently
asked questions (FAQs) in rec.autos.sport as well as some others which
perhaps should be asked.
The latest text version of the FAQ is also available from:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/race-schedules
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/rasfaq.html
If you only have electronic mail, the FAQ can also be retrieved from
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu, listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr,
ftp-mail@uni-paderborn.de and ftpmail@ftp.edu.tw
For information on how to use FTP, send e-mail to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with with no subject line. In the body of the
mail put: send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
Whilst some care has been taken in the preparation of this FAQ, a few
errors may have slipped through the net (no pun intended). Please
send
any corrections or additions to rasfaq@bath.ac.uk.
6. 1994 RACE SCHEDULES
6.1 Single Seaters
6.1.1 FIA Formula 1 World Championship Schedule
Brazilian GP Sao Paulo Brazil March 27th
Pacific GP TI Japan April 17th
GP di San Marino Imola Italy May 1st
Monaco GP Monte Carlo Monaco May 15
Tio Pepe Spanish GP Barcelona Spain May 29th
Molson Dry GP of Canada Montreal Canada June 12th
French GP Magny Cours France July 3rd
Fosters British GP Silverstone England July 10th
German GP Hockenheim Germany July 31st
Hungarian GP Budapest Hungary August 14th
Belgian GP Spa-Francorchamps Belgium August 28th
Italian GP Monza Italy September
11th
Portuguese GP Estoril Portugal September
25th
European GP Jerez Spain October 16th
Japanese GP Suzuka Japan November 6th
Australian GP Adelaide Australia November
13th
6.1.2 FIA International F3000 Championship
Silverstone England May 1st
Pau France May 22nd
Vellelunga Italy June 5th
Enna-Pergusa Italy July 24th
Hockenheim Germany July 31st
Spa-Francorchamps Belgium August 28th
Magny-Cours France September
25th
Nogaro France October 9th
6.1.3 Japanese F3000 Championship
Suzuka Mar 20th (1st Cheever, 2nd Apicella, 3rd Salo)
Fuji Apr 10th (1st Gilbert-Scott, 2nd Martini, 3rd Cheever)
Mine May 8th
Suzuka May 22nd
Sugo Jul 31st
Fuji Sep 4th
Suzuka Oct 2nd
Fuji Oct 16th
Fuji Nov 13th
Suzuka Nov 27th
6.1.4 PPG IndyCar World Series
Australian Grand Prix Surfers Paradise Australia March 20th
Street
Phoenix 200 Phoenix Arizona April 10th
Oval
Grand Prix of Long Beach Long Beach California April 17th
Street
Indy 500 Indianapolis Indiana May 29th
Sup Spdway
Miller Genuine Draft 200 West Allis Wisconsin June 5th
Oval
Detroit Grand Prix Detroit Michigan June 12th
Street
G.I. Joe 200 Portland Oregon June 26th
Circuit
Cleveland Grand Prix Cleveland Ohio June 10th
Circuit
Indy Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada July 17th
Street
Marlboro 500 Brooklyn Michigan July 31st
Sup Spdway
Pioneer Electric 200 Lexington Ohio Aug 14th
Circuit
New England 200 Loudon New Hampshire Aug 21st
Oval
Indy Vancouver Vancouver B.C. Canada Sept 4th
Street
Texaco Havoline 200 Elkhart Lake Wisconsin Sept 11th
Circuit
Bosch Spark Plug 200 Nazareth Pennsylvania Sept 18th
Oval
Monterey Grand Prix Laguna Seca California Oct 9th
Circuit
6.1.5 SCCA Player's Ltd Toyota Atlantic Championship
Phoenix International Raceway Arizona April 10th
Long Beach California April 17th
Mosport Ontario May 22th
Milwaukee Wisconsin June 5th
Montreal Quebec June 11th
Toronto Ontario July 16th
Trois Rivieres Quebec August 7th
Mid-Ohio Ohio August 14th
Vancouver Brit Columbia September
3rd
Nazareth Pennsylvania September
18th
Laguna Seca California October 8th
6.1.6 PPG-Firestone Indy Lights Championship, powered by Buick
Phoenix International Raceway Arizona April 10th
Long Beach California April 17th
Milwaukee Wisconsin June 5th
Montreal Quebec June 12th
Portland Oregon June 26th
Cleveland Ohio July 10th
Toronto Ontario July 16th
Mid-Ohio Ohio August 14th
Loudon New Hampshire August 21th
Vancouver Brit Columbia September
3rd
Nazareth Pennsylvania September
18th
Laguna Seca California October 8th
6.1.7 Barber SAAB
Miami Florida February 27
Sebring Florida March 19
Road Atlanta Georgia April 17
Lime Rock Park Conneticut May 30
Detroit Michigan June 11
Watkins Glen New York June 26
Laguna Seca California July 24
Mid-Ohio Ohio August 14
Loudon New Hampshire August 21
Road America Wisconsin September 11
Phoenix Arizona October 1
6.1.8 American Cities Racing League (ACRL)
Laguna Seca California May 1st
Kent, Seattle Washington May 30th
Portland Oregon June 19th
Thunderhill California July 3rd
Vancouver Brit Columbia September
4th
Phoenix International Raceway Arizona October 9th
For Sports 2000 and Super Sports 2000 cars with pinto or Cosworth
engines respectively. There are championships for both individuals and
teams which represent cities from the USA and Canada.
6.2 Stock Cars
6.2.1 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
Race Track TV Local Laps Miles
Track Date of
Start Size Race
Time /miles
Daytona 500 Daytona Beach FL CBS 12.15pm 200 500 2.5
Feb
20th
Goodwrench 500 Rockingham NC TNN 12.30pm 492 500 1.017
Feb
27th
Pontiac Excitement 400 Richmond VA TBS 1.15pm 400 300 0.75
Mar
6th
Purolator 500 Hampton GA ABC 1.00pm 328 500 1.522
Mar
13th
Transouth Financial 400 Darlington SC ESPN 1.00pm 293 400 1.366
Mar
27th
Food City 500 Bristol TN ESPN 1.10pm 500 266.5 0.533
Apr
10th
First Union 400 N. Wilkesboro NC ESPN 1.00pm 400 250 0.625
Apr
17th
Hanes 500 Martinsville VA ESPN 12.30pm 500 263 0.526
Apr
24th
Winston Select 500 Talladega AL ESPN 1.00pm 188 500 2.66
May
1st
Save Mart Supermrkts 300 Sonoma CA ESPN 1.00pm 74 186.5 2.52
May
15th
Coca-Cola 600 Concord NC TBS 4.30pm 400 600 1.5
May
29th
Budweiser 500 Dover DE TNN 12.10pm 500 500 1.0
Jun
5th
Pocono 500 Long Pond PA TNN 12.30pm 200 500 2.5
Jun
12th
Miller Genuine Draft 400 Brooklyn MI ESPN 1.00pm 200 400 2.0
Jun
19th
Pepsi 400 Daytona Beach FL ESPN 11.00am 160 400 2.5
Jul
2nd
Slick 50 300 Loudon NH TNN 1.00pm 300 317.4 1.058
Jul
10th
Miller Genuine Draft 500 Long Pond PA TBS 12.30pm 200 500 2.5
Jul
17th
Diehard 500 Talladega AL CBS 12.15pm 188 500 2.66
Jul
24th
Brickyard 400 Indianapolis IN ABC 12.00pm 160 400 2.5
Aug
6th
The Bud at the Glen Watkins Glen NY ESPN 1.00pm 90 220.5 2.45
Aug
14th
GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 Brooklyn MI CBS 12.30pm 200 400 2.0
Aug
21st
Goody's 500 Bristol TN ESPN 7.40pm 500 266.5 0.533
Aug
27th
Mountain Dew S'thrn 500 Darlington SC ESPN 1.00pm 367 500 1.366
Sep
4th
Miller Genuine Draft 400 Richmond VA TBS 7.30pm 400 300 0.75
Sep
10th
Splitfire Sparkplug 500 Dover DE TNN 12.10pm 500 500 1.0
Sep
18th
Goody's 500 Martinsville VA ESPN 12.30pm 500 263 0.526
Sep
25th
Tyson Holly Farms 400 N. Wilkesboro NC ESPN 1.00pm 400 250 0.625
Oct
2nd
Mello Yello 500 Concord NC TBS 1.00pm 334 500 1.5
Oct
9th
AC-Delco 500 Rockingham NC TNN 12.30pm 492 500 1.017
Oct
23th
Slick 50 500 Phoenix AZ TNN 12.00pm 312 312 1.0
Oct
30th
Hooters 500 Hampton GA ESPN 12.30pm 328 500 1.522
Nov
13th
6.2.2 NASCAR Busch Series, Grand National Division
Race Track TV Local Laps Miles
Track Date of
Start Size Race
Time /miles
Sundrop 500 Hickory NC 300 108.9 0.363
Apr
3rd
Goody's 250 Bristol TN 250 133.3 0.533
Apr
9th
Rougemont NC 300 Apr 30th
Chevy Dealers of NE Loudon NH 250 250 1.0
May
7th
Meridian Bank 200 Nazareth PA 200 200 1.0
May
22nd
Champion SP 300 Charlotte NC 200 300 1.5
May
28th
Goodwrench/Delco Bat Dover DE 200 200 1.0
Jun
4th
Carolina Pride/Bud Myrtle Beach SC 250
Jun
11th
Fay's 150 Watkins Glen NY 61 150 2.45
Jun
25th
Fireworks 250 West Allis WI 250 250 1.0
Jul
3rd
South Boston VA 300 Jul 16th
Fram Filter 500 Talladega AL 117 310.7 2.66
Jul
23rd
Granger Select 500 Hickory NC 300
Jul
31st
Kroger NASCAR 200 Clermont IN 137
Aug
5th
Detroit Gasket 200 Michigan Int Sway 100 200 2.0
Aug
20th
Food City 250 Bristol TN 250 133.3 0.533
Aug
26th
Gatorade 200 Darlington SC 146 200 1.366
Sep
3rd
Autolite Platinum Richmond VA 250 175 0.75
Sep
9th
SplitFire SP 200 Dover DE 200 200 1.0
Sep
17th
All Pro Auto Parts Charlotte NC 200 300 1.5
Oct
8th
Advance Auto Parts Martinsville VA 300 157.8 0.526
Oct
16th
AC-Delco 200 Rockingham NC 197 200 1.017
Oct
22nd
6.2.3 IMSA Exxon World Sports Car Supreme GT
Daytona 24 Hours Florida February 6
Sebring 12 Hours Florida March 19
Road Atlanta Georgia April 17
Lime Rock Park Conneticut May 30
Watkins Glen New York June 26
Indy Raceway Park Indiana July 10
Laguna Seca California July 24
Portland Oregon August 7
Phoenix Arizona October 1
6.2.4 SCCA Trans-Am
Miami Florida February 27
Mosport Park Ontario May 22
Mid Ohio Ohio June 5
Detriot Michigan June 11
Portland Oregon June 25
Des Moines Indiana July 4
Cleveland Ohio July 9
Toronto Ontario July 16
TBA July 30
Trois Rivieres Quebec August 7
Watkins Glen New York August 13
Road Atlanta Georgia August 28
Road America Wisconsin September 10
Dallas Texas September 18
6.2.5 Bridgestone Supercar
Sebring Florida March 18
Long Beach California April 16
Lime Rock Park Conneticut May 28
Watkins Glen New York June 26
Laguna Seca California July 24
Portland Oregon August 6
Phoenix Arizona October 1
Sebring Florida October 22
6.2.6 Firestone Firehawk Endurance
Sebring 12 Florida March 18
Road Atlanta Georgia April 16
Indy Raceway Park Indiana May 13
Watkins Glen New York June 4
Laguna Seca California July 24
Portland Oregon August 6
Phoenix Arizona September 30
Sebring Florida October 22
6.2.7 ASA AC-Delco Challenge Series Schedule
Colorado National Speedway Denver CO April 24th
Columbus Motor Speedway Columbus OH May 1st
Toledo Speedway Toledo OH May 15th
I-70 Speedway Odessa MO June 4th
Louisville Motor Speedway Louisville KY June 11th
Tri-City Motor Speedway Auburn MI June 17th
Berlin Raceway Marne MI June 18th
Brainerd International Raceway Brainerd MN June 26th
Hawkeye Downs Speedway CedarRapids IA July 4th
Salem Speedway Salem IN July 16th
Heartland Park Topeka KS July 31st
Berlin Raceway Marne MI August 13th
Anderson Speedway Anderson IN August 20th
Milwaukee Mile Milwaukee WI August 28th
Minnesota State Fair Speedway St. Paul MN September
5th
Michigan International Speedway Brooklyn MI September
11th
Toledo Speedway Toledo OH October 2nd
Jennerstown Speedway Jennerstown PA October 16th
6.2.8 Auto Trader British Touring Car Championship (BTCC. Class II
Thruxton Apr 4th (Monday) single Tarquini
Brands Hatch (Indy) Apr 17th double
Snetterton May 2nd (Monday) single
Silverstone (National) May 15th double
Oulton Park May 30th (Monday) single
Donington Park (GP) Jun 12th double
Brands Hatch (GP) Jun 26th double
Silverstone (GP) Jul 10th single
Knockhill Jul 31st double
Oulton Park Aug 14th single
Brands Hatch (Indy) Aug 29th (Monday) double
Silverstone (GP) Sep 11th double
Donington Park (GP) Sep 18th double
6.2.9 Deutsche Tourenwagen-Meisterschaft (DTM or GTCC) (Class I
Touring
Zolder Apr 10th (Belgium)
Hockenheim Apr 24th
Nurburgring May 8th
Mugello May 22nd (Italy: non-championship race)
Nurburgring-Nordschleife Jun 2nd (Thursday)
Norisring Jun 26th
Donington Park Jul 17th (UK: non-championship race)
Diepholz Jul 24th
Nurburgring Aug 21st
Avus Sep 4th
Singen Sep 18th
Hockenheim Oct 9th
6.2.10 ONS/ADAC Tourenwagen-Cup (German Class-II-Touring Cars)
Singen Sep 18th
Avus May 1st
Ahlhorn May 29th
Wunstorf Jun 12th
Norisring (no points) Jun 26th
Zolder (B) Jul 3rd
Zandvoort (NL) Jul 17th
Salzburgring (A) Aug 28th
Spa (B) Sep 11th
Nurburgring Sep 25th
Factories:Audi, BMW, Ford, Nissan, Toyota
Teams: SMS, ROC, Warthofer, Isert, Eggenberger, Wolf, Scuderia Italia,
Bemani
Drivers: Stuck, Biela, Pirro, Bernhardt, Boutsen, Oestreich, Cecotto,
Burgstaller, Heger, Surer, Capelli, Bartels
6.2.11 Miscellaneous Races
Nurburgring 24 Hours Jun 4th-5th
Le Mans 24 Hours Jun 18th-19th
Spa 24 Hours Jul 23nd-24th
Donington FIA World Cup Oct 16th
6.3 Rallying
6.3.1 FIA World Rally Championship
Trust Bank Safari Kenya March 31-April 4
Tour de Corse Corsica, France May 4-8
Acropolis Greece May 28-June 1
Rally Argentina Argentina June 29-July 3
New Zealand New Zealand July 30-August 2
1000 Lakes Finland August 25-28
Rallye San Remo Italy October 9-13
Network Q RAC Rally Great Britain November 19-23
6.3.2 SCCA Pro Rally Championship
Sandhills* Harsville, SC February 19-20
Doo Wop III & IV* Olympia, Washington March 12-13
Wild West Olympia, Washington April 22-23
Rim of the World Palmdale, CA May 14-15
STPR Wellsboro, Penn June 3-5
Prescott Forest Rally Prescott, Arizona July 29-30
Ojibwe Forests Bemidji, Minn Aug 27-28
Sunriser Chillicothe, Ohio Sep 23
Press on Regardless Houghton, MI Oct 22-23
Maine Foreset Rally Rumford, Maine Dec 2-3
All events, excluding divisionals (*), count towards the North
American
Rally Championship (NARC). Divisional Events count 60 % towards US
National Championship Points
6.3.3 Canadian Rally Championship (CRC)
Rally Michelin Quebec/Beauport February 25-27
Bighorn Rally Hinton, Alberta May 21-23
Rocky Mountain Rally Calgary, Alberta May 27-28
Rallye Baie des Chaleurs New Richmond, Que July 8-9
Highlands Rally Truro, Nova Scotia August 5-6
Rally of the Voyageurs Mattawa, Ont September 9-10
Rallye Auto Charlevoix Pointe-au-Pic, Que October 14-16
Rally of the Tall Pines Peterborough, Ont November 18-20
All CRC events are also part of the North American Rally Championship
(NARC).
6.4 NHRA Drag Racing
Rockingham NC Winston Select Invitational Apr 10th
Commerce GA Fram Southern Nationals Apr 24th
Memphis TN Meguiar's Mid-South Nationals May 15th
Englishtown NJ Budweiser Challenge May 21st
Englishtown NJ Mopar Parts Nationals May 22nd
Kirkersville OH Oldsmobile Springnationals Jun 12th
Topeka KS Western Auto Nationals Jun 26th
Morrison CO Mopar Parts Mile-High Nationals Jul 24th
Sears Point Autolite Nationals Jul 31st
Kent WA Aug 7th
Brainerd MN Champion Auto Stores Nationals Aug 21st
Clermont IN Big Bud Shootout Sep 4th
Clermont IN U.S. Nationals Sep 5th
Mohnton PA Pioneer Electronics Keystone Natls Sep 18th
Topeka KS Sears Craftsman Nationals Oct 2nd
Ennis TX Chief Auto Parts Nationals Oct 16th
Pomona CA Winston Finals Oct 30th
7. 1994 DRIVER LINE UPS
7.1 1994 Formula One Drivers
# Driver Team, Chassis Engine Major Sponsor
Driver
Weight
/kg
0 Damon Hill Williams FW16 Renault V10 Rothmans/Elf
74
2 David Coulthard Williams FW16 Renault V10 Rothmans/Elf
3 Ukyo Katayama Tyrrell 022 Yamaha/Judd V10 Cabin
63
4 Mark Blundell Tyrrell 022 Yamaha/Judd V10 Cabin
76
5 Michael Schumacher Benetton B194 Ford Zetec-R V8 Mild 7
Cigarettes
71
6 Jos Verstappen Benetton B194 Ford Zetec-R V8 Mild 7
Cigarettes
78
7 Mika Hakkinen McLaren MP4/9 Peugeot A4 V10 Marlboro
73
8 Martin Brundle McLaren MP4/9 Peugeot A4 V10 Marlboro
73
9 C Fittipaldi Arrows FA15 Ford HBpv V8 Footwork
73
10 Gianni Morbidelli Arrows FA15 Ford HBpv V8 Footwork
62
11 Johnny Herbert Lotus 107C/109 Mugen/Honda V10 Miller/Hitachi
70
12 Pedro Lamy Lotus 107C/109 Mugen/Honda V10 Miller/Hitachi
66
14 Rubens Barrichello Jordan 194 Hart V10 Sasol/Ireland
75
15 Eddie Irvine Jordan 194 Hart V10 Sasol/Ireland
73
19 Olivier Berreta Larrousse LC94 Ford HB V8 Tourtel NA/ESSO
73
20 Eric Comas Larrousse LC94 Ford HB V8 Tourtel NA/ESSO
73
23 Pier Luigi Martini Minardi M194 Ford HB V8 Beta Tools
70
24 Michele Alboreto Minardi M194 Ford HB V8 Beta Tools
80
25 Eric Bernard Ligier JS40 Renault V10 Gitanes Blondes
72
26 Olivier Panis Ligier JS40 Renault V10 Gitanes Blondes
80
27 Jean Alesi Ferrari 412T1 Ferrari V12
Marlboro/Agip/Fiat
73
28 Gerhard Berger Ferrari 412T1 Ferrari V12
Marlboro/Agip/Fiat
74
29 Karl Wendlinger Sauber C13 Mercedes V10 Castrol
80
30 H H Frentzen Sauber C13 Mercedes V10 Castrol
63
31 David Brabham Simtek Racing Ford HBvs V8 MTV/Russell
Team Wear
69
32 Jean-Marc Gounon Simtek Racing Ford HBvs V8 MTV/Russell
Team Wear
33 Paul Belmondo Pacific PR01 Ilmor V10
71
34 Bertrand Gachot Pacific PR01 Ilmor V10
81
7.2 1994 IndyCar Drivers
1 Nigel Mansell (GBR) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB K-Mart
Texaco
2 Emerson Fittipaldi (BRA) Penske 94 Ilmor Indy V8 D Marlboro
3 Paul Tracy (CAN) Penske 94 Ilmor Indy V8 D Marlboro
4 Bobby Rahal (USA) Lola T9400 Honda Indy V8 Miller
Genuine Draft
5 Raul Boesel (BRA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Duracell
6 Mario Andretti (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB K-Mart
Havoline
7 Adrian Fernandez (MEX) Reynard 94I Ilmor Indy V8 D Tecate
Quaker State
8 Michael Andretti (USA) Reynard 94I Ford Cosworth XB Target
Scotch Video
9 Robby Gordon (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Valvoline
Cummins
10 Mike Groff (USA) Lola T9400 Honda Indy V8 Motorola
11 Teo Fabi (ITA) Reynard 94I Ilmor Indy V8 D Pennzoil
12 Jacques Villeneuve (CAN) Reynard 94T Ford Cosworth XB Player's
Limited
14 Davy Jones (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Copenhagan
15 Mark Smith (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Craftsman
Tools
16 Stefan Johansson (SWE) Penske 94 Ilmor Indy V8 D Alumax
17 Dominic Dobson (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB ??
18 Jimmy Vasser (USA) Reynard 94I Ford Cosworth XB Conseco STP
19 Robbie Buhl (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Mi-Jack
22 Hiro Matsushita (JAP) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Panasonic
24 Willy T. Ribbs (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Service
Merchandise
28 Arie Luyendyk (HOL) Lola T9400 Ilmor Indy V8 D Eurosport
31 Al Unser Jr. (USA) Penske 94 Ilmor Indy V8 D Marlboro
40 Scott Goodyear (CAN) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB Budweiser
42 Alessandro Zampedri (ITA)Lola T9300 Ilmor Indy V8 C AGIP Dinema
71 Scott Sharp (USA) Lola T9400 Ford Cosworth XB ??
76 Gary Brabham (AU) Penske 93 Ilmor Indy V8 C Split Cycle
88 Mauricio Gugelmin (BRA) Reynard 94I Ford Cosworth XB Hollywood
Blends
7.3 1994 NASCAR Drivers
02 Curtis Markham (VA) Children's Miracle Network Ford-
Thunderbird
1 Rick Mast (VA) Skoal Classic Ford-
Thunderbird
2 Rusty Wallace (NC) Miller Genuine Draft Ford-
Thunderbird
3 Dale Earnhardt (NC) GM Goodwrench Chevrolet-
Lumina
4 Sterling Marlin (TN) Kodak Chevrolet-
Lumina
5 Terry Labonte (NC) Kellogg's Corn Flakes Chevrolet-
Lumina
6 Mark Martin (NC) Valvoline Ford-
Thunderbird
7 Geoff Bodine (NC) Exide Batteries Ford-
Thunderbird
8 Jeff Burton (VA) Raybestos Brakes Ford-
Thunderbird
9 Rich Bickle (WI) Melling Engine Parts Ford-
Thunderbird
10 Ricky Rudd (NC) Tide Ford-
Thunderbird
11 Bill Elliott (GA) Budweiser Ford-
Thunderbird
12 Chuck Bown (OR) WBF/Masterbuilt Ford-
Thunderbird
14 John Andretti (IN) Financial World Chevrolet-
Lumina
15 Lake Speed (MS) Quality Care Ford-
Thunderbird
16 Ted Musgrave (NC) The Family Channel Ford-
Thunderbird
17 Darrell Waltrip (TN) Western Auto Chevrolet-
Lumina
18 Dale Jarrett (NC) Interstate Batteries Chevrolet-
Lumina
19 Loy Allen Jr. (NC) Hooter's Ford-
Thunderbird
21 Morgan Shepherd (NC) Citgo Oil Ford-
Thunderbird
22 Bobby Labonte (NC) Maxwell House Coffee Pontiac-Grand
Prix
23 Hut Stricklin (AL) Smokin Joe's Ford-
Thunderbird
24 Jeff Gordon (NC) DuPont Auto Finishes Chevrolet-
Lumina
25 Ken Schrader (NC) Kodiak Chevrolet-
Lumina
26 Brett Bodine (NC) Budweiser/QuakerState Ford-
Thunderbird
27 Jimmy Spencer (NC) McDonald's Ford-
Thunderbird
28 Ernie Irvan (NC) Texaco-Havoline Ford-
Thunderbird
29 Steve Grissom (AL) Diamond Ridge Chevrolet-
Lumina
30 Michael Waltrip (NC) Pennzoil Pontiac-Grand
Prix
31 Ward Burton (NC) Hardees Chevrolet-
Lumina
32 Dick Trickle (NC) ATS Wood Recycling Chevrolet-
Lumina
33 Harry Gant (NC) Skoal Bandit Chevrolet-
Lumina
40 Bobby Hamilton (TN) Kendall Oil Pontiac-Grand
Prix
41 Joe Nemechek (FL) Meineke Mufflers Chevrolet-
Lumina
42 Kyle Petty (NC) Mello Yello Pontiac-Grand
Prix
43 Wally Dallenbach (NC) STP Pontiac-Grand
Prix
51 Jeff Purvis (TN) Country Time Lemonade Chevrolet-
Lumina
52 Brad Teague (TN) NAPA Auto Parts Ford-
Thunderbird
54 Robert Pressley (NC) Mannheim Auctions Chevrolet-
Lumina
55 Jimmy Hensley (VA) Petron Plus Ford-
Thunderbird
71 Dave Marcis (NC) STG Chevrolet-
Lumina
75 Todd Bodine (NC) Factory Stores Ford-
Thunderbird
77 Greg Sacks (FL) Jasper Engines/US Air Ford-
Thunderbird
80 Jimmy Horton (NJ) Hover Ford-
Thunderbird
90 Mike Wallace (NC) Heilig-Meyers Ford-
Thunderbird
95 Jeremy Mayfield (TN) Shoney's Inn Ford-
Thunderbird
97 Chad Little (NC) Bayer Select Ford-
Thunderbird
98 Derrike Cope (NC) Fingerhut Ford-
Thunderbird
7.4 1994 BTCC Drivers
1 Joachim Winkelhock(D)BMW Motorsport Team Schnitzer BMW 318i
2 Steve Soper BMW Motorsport Team Schnitzer BMW 318i
3 Paul Radisich (NZ) Team Mondeo Ford Mondeo
Ghia
4 John Cleland Vauxhall Sport Vauxhall
Cavalier 16V
5 Julian Bailey Toyota Castrol Team Toyota Carina
E
7 Will Hoy Toyota Castrol Team Toyota Carina
E
8 David Leslie Team Dynamics Mazda Xedos 6
9 Jeff Allam Vauxhall Sport Vauxhall
Cavalier 16V
10 Alain Menu (CH) Renault Dealer Team Racing Renault Laguna
11 Tim Harvey Renault Dealer Team Racing Renault Laguna
12 Matt Neal Team Dynamics Mazda Xedos 6
13 Eugene O'Brien Peugeot Sport Peugeot 405
Mi16
14 Jan Lammers (NL) Volvo 850 Racing Volvo 850
Estate
15 Rickard Rydell (S) Volvo 850 Racing Volvo 850
Estate
17 Ian Khan Maxted Motorsport Toyota Carina
E
18 Patrick Watts Peugeot Sport Peugeot 405
Mi16
19 James Thompson Boland Motorsport Peugeot 405
Mi16
20 Ian Flux Team Halfords Peugeot 405
Mi16
21 Roberto Ravaglia (I) BMW Motorsport Team Schnitzer BMW 318i
22 Geoff Steel Steel BMW 318i
23 Kieth O'dor Old Spice Nissan Racing Nissan Primera
GT
24 Eric van der Poele(B)Old Spice Nissan Racing Nissan Primera
GT
25 Nigel Smith Smith Vauxhall
Cavalier 16V
27 Nigel Albon Harlow Motorsport Renault 19 16V
29 James Kaye James Kaye with Enny Toyota Carina
E
33 Andy Rouse Team Mondeo Ford Mondeo
Ghia
34 Tiff Needell Old Spice Nissan Racing Nissan Primera
GT
55 Gabriele Tarquini (I)Alfa Corse (Fiat Auto) Alfa Romeo
155TS
56 Giampiero Simoni (I) Alfa Corse (Fiat Auto) Alfa Romeo
155TS
57 Tim Sugden Toyota Castrol Sport Toyota Carina
E
?? Chris Goodwin Vauxhall Sport Vauxhall
Cavalier 16V
All drivers are from Britain unless otherwise stated.
7.5 1994 DTM Drivers
Nicola Larini Team Alfa Corse Alfa 155 V6
'94
Alessandro Nannini Team Alfa Corse Alfa 155 V6
'94
Stefano Buttiero Team Alfa Corse Alfa 155 V6
'94
Christian Danner Team Schubel Engineering Alfa 155 V6
'94
Giorgio Francia Team Schubel Engineering Alfa 155 V6
'94
Kris Nissen Team Schubel Engineering Alfa 155 V6
'94
Michael Bartels Team Schubel Engineering Alfa 155 V6
'93
Roberto Moreno Team Schubel Engineering Alfa 155 V6
'93
Roland Asch AMG-Mercedes: Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Bernd Schneider AMG-Mercedes: Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Klaus Ludwig AMG-Mercedes: Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Ellen Lohr AMG-Mercedes: Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Kurt Thiim Zakspeed-Mercedes Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Jorg van Ommen Zakspeed-Mercedes Mercedes C180
V6 '94
Sandy Grau Zakspeed-junior Mercedes 190E
'93
Stig Amthor Zakspeed-junior Mercedes 190E
'93
Keke Rosberg Opel Team Joest Opel Calibra
V6 '94
Manuel Reuter Opel Team Joest Opel Calibra
V6 '94
"John Winter" Opel Team Joest Opel Calibra
V6 '94
The field will be completed with 5 BMW E36 and 3 Ford Mustang V8. 3
more private teams will race with 4 of last year's Alfa 155 V6. 3 more
private drivers will use last year's 190E.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
The rec.autos.sport FAQ
rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 09-27-94 Msg # 28964
To: ALL Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: rec.autos.sport FAQ comm Stat: Public
Subj: rec.autos.sport FAQ 3/7: Read: No
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ÿ@FROM :rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
ÿ@SUBJECT:rec.autos.sport FAQ 3/7: Single Seater Frequently Asked Ques
ÿ@PACKOUT:09-28-94
Message-ID: <autos/sport/single-seaters_780652997@rtfm.mit.edu>
Newsgroups:
rec.autos.sport.f1,rec,rec.autos.sport.indy,rec.autos.sport.misc
rec.autos.sport,rec.autos.sport.info,rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: University of Bath
Archive-name: autos/sport/single-seaters
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sep 26th 1994
Version: 1.3
This will be posted monthly to rec.autos.sport.info, rec.autos.sport,
rec.answers and news.answers. It answers some of the most frequently
asked questions (FAQs) in rec.autos.sport as well as some others which
perhaps should be asked.
The latest text version of the FAQ is also available from:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/single-seaters
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/rasfaq.html
If you only have electronic mail, the FAQ can also be retrieved from
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mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with with no subject line. In the body of the
mail put: send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
Whilst some care has been taken in the preparation of this FAQ, a few
errors may have slipped through the net (no pun intended). Please
send
any corrections or additions to rasfaq@bath.ac.uk.
8. 1994 F1 SPECIFICATIONS
The full text of the FIA technical and sporting regulations are
available from:
ftp.metrics.com://auto/f1/sporting.regs
ftp.metrics.com://auto/f1/technical.regs
8.1 What is the relationship between FIA, FOCA and F1 ?
FIA politics is really grungy stuff.
The Federation Internationale d'Automobile (FIA) is the governing
and sanctioning body for the FIA World Driver's Championship, which
is run to a set of technical and procedural regulations and
specifications known as Formula One. The FIA's competition committee,
which consists of representatives of the motor sport organizing
bodies of the member countries (eg ACCUS represents the US, the RAC
represents the UK, the FIFA represents France), sets the F1
regulations, interprets them, and judges any appeals or disputes.
The Formula One Constructor's Association (FOCA) is an organization
of the chassis builders (constructors) who design and build the cars
that race in the F1 Grands Prix. Since the rules these days say that
a constructor can supply cars to only one team, constructor and team
are more or less synonymous.
Max Moseley is the president of the FIA and is in charge of its
day-to-day operations.
Bernie Ecclestone, who used to own and manage the Brabham F1 team,
is the president of the FOCA and also the vice-president of marketing
for the FIA.
Originally, all the F1 Grands Prix were independent events,
independently financed and organized within their host countries. The
FIA merely set the technical regulations for F1, and designated
certain Grands Prix to be the qualifying rounds for the Driver's and
Constructor's Championships. Up until sometime in the 1970s, there
were other Grands Prix held besides those races included in the FIA
Championship. But the idea of non-Championship Grands Prix died out
as it became more and more expensive to hold F1 events.
As time went by, the Constructor's Association (FOCA) took on a
bigger and bigger role in the business side of Grand Prix racing.
They organized and coordinated the sponsorship of the events, sold
the television rights, and did the logistics and financing of moving
the Grand Prix `circus' from country to country.
Then, in the late 1970s, Jean-Marie Balestre was elected as head of
the Committee du Sport Internacionale (CSI), the committee of the FIA
directly involved in supervising F1. He decided that the FIA should
take back more control over the sport. When he tried to impose his
will autocratically, Bernie Ecclestone and the other constructors in
FOCA resisted. There was a big power struggle between FISA
(Federacion Internationale du Sport Automotive, Balestre's new name
for the CSI) and FOCA in the early 1980s. Some Grands Prix got
cancelled or had their championship status stripped as a result.
In the end, FISA and the FIA won out over the FOCA, mainly, I
think, because the teams were not unanimously behind the FOCA (not
all constructors were FOCA members), and because the sponsors, race
organizers, and others involved in Grand Prix racing prevailed on
both sides to settle things amicably. But for a while, the FOCA was
talking about forming a new F1 championship series comprising the
races that it organized, while the FIA of course was threatening to
refuse sanctioning for those races. There almost were two `World
Championship' series.
The agreement between FISA and FOCA over control of F1 is called
the Concorde Agreement. Among other things, it says that except in
the case of emergencies, changes to technical regulations must be
announced two years in advance of the date of adoption, unless all
constructors agree unanimously to adopt the regulations earlier. This
has just come up again because Max Moseley wants to introduce several
major techincal changes immediately in the wake of the recent fatal
and near-fatal accidents in F1. He is trying to do this without the
unanimous agreement called for by the Concorde Agreement, claiming
that this is an emergency situation.
Later on, Bernie Ecclestone was appointed marketing director for
the FIA, but he still retains his presidency of FOCA. So Bernie is
still in charge of the organizational and financial side of Grand
Prix racing, but now officially as part of the FIA instead of in an
independent organization.
So Max Moseley, as FIA president, is responsible for setting rules
and policy for F1, but he's limited by the Concorde Agreement in how
quickly and how far he can push things his way. Since Bernie
Ecclestone still controls the purse strings for Grand Prix racing, he
still carries a lot of clout.
As for `can somebody take it away', the FIA president is elected by
the representatives from the member countries. When Max Moseley's
current term is up, he could be voted out. Similarly, I think that
the constructors could oust Ecclestone if they wanted to.
8.2 How powerful were the `turbo' F1 cars ?
The most powerful of the turbo-era F1 engines was BMW's in-line four
which saw over 1100bhp in race trim at 5.0 bar boost in 1985 and '86.
In his book `The 1000bhp Grand Prix Cars," Ian Bamsey writes that
`Through '85 BMW's boost kept on climbing, to exceed 5.0 bar: power
went to 1100bhp - and beyond. It had become impossible to measure:
the BMW dyno went no higher.' Also, `At Monza in 1986 Berger saw
a 5.5 bar flash reading from his BMW/Mader-Benetton ... estimated over
1300bhp.'
In the same time period, TAG/Porsche only reached 950bhp, Ferrari
910-920bhp, and Renault over 1100bhp. Figures for Honda are hard to
come by.
8.3 How do pnematic valve return systems work ?
The technology of all the current pneumatic valve return systems is
that of simply replacing the valve spring with a pneumatic spring,
using an inert gas (nitrogen, which behaves substantially the same as
air) as the compressive fluid. The camshaft exercises its normal
precise control of the motion of each valve, and each spring
maintains the contact force between an individual valve assembly, cam
and tappet bucket, during operation. Pneumatic valve spring systems
are thus a improved replacement for mechanical springs. They do are
not a complete valve control system like a desmodromic operation -
which, fundamentally, does not use springs.
Pneumatic valve springs operate on a ring-main system with the
essential
back-up of a compressed gas cylinder, pressure regulators, one-way
valves and an oil scavenging system. The principle reduction in valve
assembly mass is that of the upper one-third of each valve spring.
Although a nett small reduction in valve assembly mass is possible,
this is accompanied by added friction of the piston seal ring.
The pneumatic spring is not subject to fatigue failure, or
diminished damping, with running time. Valve lift is not constrained
by spring wire maximum stress and stress range limits. Renault
reports that the rising rate characteristics of the pneumatic spring
assists in matching spring force to valve assembly inertia force
requirements in the particular case of its V10. The fundamental
pneumatic spring advantage for very high speed engines is that the
natural frequency of the compressed gas column is in the order of
eight times that of a steel wire coil spring.
It was Jean-Pierre Boudy, the Chief Engineer of Engine Development
at Renault Sport during the turbocharged V6 race engine era, who
invented the first pneumatic valve spring system to be used in a
competitive racecar engine. The pneumatic spring equipped Renault
engine was first raced, in a Lotus chassis driven by Ayrton Senna, at
the beginning of the 1986 GP season.
The Honda RA122E/B (1992 V12 F1) ran at 6-8 bar (87-116 psi) with
the gas replenishment cylinder charged, initially, to approx 150 bar
(2175 psi). Honda claimed a reduction of valve assembly reciprocating
mass of 20 similar levels of valve gear friction(as compared to
conventional systems).
8.4 How much does it cost to run a F1 team?
The Motoring News & Motor Sport supplement for the 1994 British GP
gives some rough figures (converted to US $) for this.
o Drivers: The market is depressed after Prost's retirement and
Senna's
death. Berger gets about $13M from Ferrari, Schumacher about $5M
from Benetton. Mansell got nearly $1.2M for a single race for
Williams. After the top rank, the drivers are much cheaper down
to
about $80K for a test driver.
o Cars: After paying for the wind tunnel testing and other
research,
wear & tear and accident damage, you will be `lucky' to have
spent
less than $7M.
o Engines: Some teams get free engines and rebuilds from a
manufacturer. Hart's budget is about $3M. Cosworth or Ilmor
engines
could cost $5M - $6.5M.
o Tyres: Goodyear supply Williams, McLaren, Benetton, Ferrari and
Sauber for free. The rest pay $600 per tyre. With seven sets for
each car for 16 meetings and more for testing, tyres could cost $
800K for a season.
o Fuel: Free for many teams, $400K for the rest.
o Travel: Flying 30 team members to Brazil, Japan twice, Canada,
and
Australia as well as hotels and hire cars will cost about $1.5M.
o Freight: The top 10 teams get two cars and five tonnes of
equipment
transported by FOCA for the races outside Europe but you still
need
trucks for the European races. For the teams outside the top 10,
or
bigger teams which take extra equipment, the bill could come to $
1.5M.
o Staff: Most teams have between 50 and 150 staff to design, build,
and
run the cars, run the business etc. This anything upwards of $5M.
o Testing: Essential to remain competitive. Budget for $2M+
o Equipment: CAD systems, CNC lathes etc. They can be used for
several
years, but a new team needs them right away. Start at $1M - $2M.
o Total: A reasonable top 10 team with no engine, fuel or tyre
deals
and a couple of drivers who cost $1.5M together, will cost $23M,
just to go racing. Teams at the back of the grid probably spend
less
than $10M. Teams at the front spend $50M, at least.
8.5 How is F1 Prize Money Shared Out ?
It has probably changed, but according to David Hayhoe's book in 1988
the
purse for a race was distributed as follows:
From the starting grid for that race, 0.4% of the purse is paid to the
pole ... 0.08% for 20th. From the race, after 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of
the
race distance: 0.459% for 1st ... 0.0162% for 20th final results. At
the chequered flag, 2.448% is paid for for 1st place ... 0.864% for
20th.
Using the results from the previous two half seasons, 17.5% is
distributed
between the top 20 cars in the constructors championship and 17.5% is
split
between the top 20 qualifiers. Appearence money is also paid. This
seems
to be spread out over the field alot more than in other forms of
racing.
8.6 How did Ron Dennis come to run McLaren ?
Ron Dennis started out as an apprentice at Thomson Taylor's, a famous
British business in the motor trade. When it was taken over by
Chipstead
in the late Sixties Ron ended up as a mechanic on the Cooper F1 team
(Chipstead had just bought Cooper), and later moved to Brabham as head
mechanic, although as Sir Jack was retiring Ron found himself doing a
lot of the work of a team manager. He left in about '71 to set up an
F2
team with Neil Trundle (Rondel racing) -- the team was renowned for
its
competence in preparing cars; it ran Brabhams successfully for a while
then commissioned the Motul F2 car (with backing from the French oil
company of the same name). This was quite successful and there was
talk
of a Motul F1 car designed by Ray Jessop for 1973 but the oil crisis
hit
and the money evaporated. The car later became the Token (Tony
Vlassopoulo and Ken Grob backed its completion; Ron had nothing more
to
do with it AFAIK); Tom Pryce made his F1 debut in it.
Ron then set up a number of F2 teams running March chassis including
the Marlboro Ecuador team (which was unsucessful), then Project Three
Racing (which was). Project Three gave rise to Project Four, another
successful F2 team which I think also ran F3 cars in the late
70s/early
80s and also did a lot of the build programme for the BMW M1 ProCar
series.
McLaren was founded by New Zealander Bruce McLaren in the sixties.
Tyler Alexander and Teddy Mayer took over McLaren after Bruce's death.
They had some success, taking the World Championship with James Hunt
in
1976. However Team McLaren did horribly in 1979 and '80. Project Four
was backed by Marlboro and Ron took on John Barnard to design a
carbon-fibre F1 chassis; at the time McLaren, who were also Marlboro
backed, were deeply uncompetitive and at the insistence of Marlboro
the
Project Four team merged with McLaren to form McLaren International.
Ron and McLaren's Teddy Mayer were originally joint principals of the
team but eventually Mayer went his own way, leaving Ron to take
charge. The MP4/X designation of McLaren F1 cars these days stands
for
`Marlboro Project Four'.
8.7 How did Frank Williams get into Formula One ?
Frank Williams used to do a bit of FJ/F3/F2 racing in the early/mid
Sixties but ended up spending most of his time running cars for other
people; he also ran a fairly successful business dealing in secondhand
racing cars.
Frank ended up running quite a successful F2 team, notably a Brabham
for Piers Courage. In '69 Courage, who'd previously experimented with
a
private BRM in F1, ended up driving a Cosworth DFV-engined BT26 in F1
for Frank. This apparently displeased the Brabham works somewhat since
(A) Frank had bought the car ostensibly to run in old Tasman series
with a Cosworth 2.5l DFW. Frank had the DFW rebuilt as DFV's and
entered F1 on Dunlop tires. (B) Piers managed two excellent second
places with it.
A connection with De Tomaso saw an F2 car appear followed in in 1970
by
a De Tomaso F1 (designed by Gianpaolo Dallara). This was just
beginning
to work when Courage was tragically killed in it; various other
drivers
took turns in it for the rest of the 1970 season but De Tomaso lost
interest. In '71 and '72 Williams ran F1 Marches (notably for Henri
Pescarolo) backed by Politoys and others, but commissioned his first
F1
car from Len Bailey -- the Politoys FX3, which although it only
appeared very rarely, became the ancestor of the team's own cars.
1973 saw the Williams team racing under the name Iso Marlboro -- the
italian Iso sports car team backed his programme -- with heavily
updated variants of the FX3 called the IR; drivers varied throughout
the season. '74 and '75 saw further-revised cars under the FW04
designation -- the only decent result was a second place by Laffite at
the Nurburgring. Walter Wolf, the Canadian multimillionaire, bought 60
of the team for '76; the team purchased much of the redundant assets
of
the Hesketh outfit which had folded at the end of '75 and the
Wolf-Williams FW05 was in fact a thinly disguised Hesketh 308C; the
season was a disaster and Williams soon escaped. In '77 he ran a March
761B for Patrick Neve; although it didn't score points in the
background Williams had Patrick Head working on the FW06 for the '78
season, which, with Alan Jones at the wheel and considerable Saudi
Arabian backing, marked the beginnings of Williams Grand Prix
Engineering as a successful team.
9. 1994 INDYCAR SPECIFICATIONS
(The following information is largely - and in some cases solely -
from the IndyCar 1994 Media Guide)
The season championship is for the PPG Cup. Because the series
includes the races governed by IndyCar (Championship Auto Racing
Teams)
as well as the Indianapolis 500 (governed by the United States Auto
Club), please refer to the series champion driver as the PPG Cup
Champion. There is technically no IndyCar champion since such a
champion would count points only from IndyCar-governed events (and not
the Indianapolis 500).
9.1 Chassis
The 1994 rules allow the cars to have a maximum length of 195 inches,
with 190 inches being the required minimum. The maximum allowed width
is 78.5 inches measured by projecting a line from the outside rim
surface through the hub center. The maximum height of the car from the
highest point to the lowest point is 32 inches. The maximum rear wing
height is 32 inches at the superspeedways and 36 inches on short ovals
and road courses. The cockpit must have a minimum opening of 30 inches
by 14 3/4 inches. An unfueled car, complete with lubricants, coolants,
tires, etc. must have a minimum weight of 1550 pounds.
9.2 Aerodynamics
Andy Brown from Galmer gave Racecar Engineering the following figures
for the Galmer G92, the car which won the 1992 Indy 500.
Downforce Drag L/D Cd Speed for measurements
Short Oval 3460 lbs 1310 lbs 2.64 1.397 165 mph
Street Circuit 3040 lbs 1070 lbs 2.84 1.141 165 mph
Speedway 2835 lbs 972 lbs 2.92 0.669 220 mph
Fuel consumption is higher on a street circuit such as Long Beach
than on a short oval such as Phoenix: consequently the car has to be
set up so that it pulls less drag.
By way of comparison, in the days before cab roof fairings, a Cd
figure of 1.0 was typical for a high-drag truck. These days trucks
are down to the region of Cd = 0.6 The figures quoted for the 1991
Indy 500 winning Penske PC20 in speedway trim were 3010 lbs downforce
at 220 mph with 1075 lbs drag (Load/Downforce, L/D, = 2.80)
Brown commented: `I'm always a little cautious of comparing figures
from different wind tunnels because experience has shown them all to
vary slightly. The L/D figure is usually close though, and I'm
pleased to see that ours is better than that quoted for the PC20.
Provided we're both telling the truth, that is !'
Note: The downforce is approximately double the weight of the car,
so the car could drive upside-down with a suitable bit of road.
9.3 Tyres
IndyCar racing tyres are Goodyear Racing Eagles, weighing 16.29
pounds,
depending on whether they are rain or dry tyres, and whether the tire
is for the front or back of the car. The tyres have a rim diameter of
15 inches and are either 10 inches wide (for the `undriven' tyre) or
14
inches (for the `driven' tyre). The cars are limited to two-wheel
drive, with the choice of front or rear-wheel drive being optional.
Teams are limited to 28 tyres per event at short ovals and road
courses, and 44 tyres per event at 500 mile events.
9.4 Engines
Allowable engine options:
1. Turbocharged 4-cycle overhead camshaft engines Maximum of 8
cylinders,
4 valves per cylinder Maximum of 161.703 cubic inches Allowed 45
inches
of turbocharger boost pressure (Chevy, Ilmor, Ford, and Honda
engines
are this type)
2. Turbocharged 4-cycle single non-overhead camshaft engines Maximum
of 8
cylinders, 2 valves per cylinder Maximum of 209.3 cubic inches
Allowed
55 inches of turbocharger boost pressure (Buick, Menard, Mercedes,
and
the Greenfield GC209T are this type)
3. Normally-aspirated 4-cycle single non-overhead camshaft engines
Maximum
of 8 cylinders, 2 valves per cylinder Maximum of 366 cubic inches
(none
of this type, although I guess the NASCAR Winston Cup engines
might
actually be legal)
Any engine not meeting specific criteria for definition as "race
proven" will be considered "developmental." The manufacturer is
permitted to utilize this engine during competition in any
quantity and
at any cost the manufacturer may determine.
USAC has also reserved the right to change turbocharger boost
pressures on any engine type at any time.
Turbines were finally banned in the early 1970's. If you can get a
diesel to run on methanol, diesels would still be a legal :-)
Horsepower figures are difficult to ascertain, as these figures
are
kept closely guarded by teams but are typically 700 to 850
horsepower,
depending on turbocharger settings. IndyCar tests have clocked
cars
accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in 2.2 seconds, and from 0 to 100
mph in
4.2 seconds. Engines are typically rebuilt after 400-500 miles of
use.
9.5 Fuel
IndyCars are fueled by methanol, sometimes called wood alcohol. It is
a
non-fossil fuel produced commercially by hydrogen and carbon monoxide
under pressure and is supplied to IndyCar by Valvoline. IndyCar chose
methanol because of its high octane rating and because water is and
extremely effective fire fighting agent - when mixed with ethanol,
water will quickly dilute it to the point of non-flamability. One of
the main dangers of methanol is that its flames can not be seen in
daylight. Cars must have a minimum fuel efficiency of 1.8 miles per
gallon and have a maximum fuel capacity of 40 gallons.
9.6 How much does it cost to run an IndyCar team?
The following information is quoted from the IndyCar Racing, Feb 93.
These represents the startup cost of a team. Buses and transporters do
not have to be bought every year. A chassis can be sold second hand at
the end of the year.
Engine rentals $2,250,000 Workshop Equipment:
$130,000
Spare Parts: $1,350,000 Development parts:
$125,000
Two chassis: $960,000 Workshop Expenses:
$125,000
Payroll and taxes: $540,000 Travel & lodging:
$110,000
Hospitality bus: $320,000 Insurance:
$100,000
Transporter: $320,000 9 Sets of wheels
$80,000
6 Test sessions $220,000 Entry fees:
$25,000
Pit Equipment: $185,000 Freight:
$25,000
Hospitality expense: $160,000 Uniforms:
$25,000
Electronics & telemetry: $150,000
========
TOTAL: $7,200,000
10. QUALIFYING FOR THE INDY 500
Qualifying at the Speedway is unique. The fastest 33 cars from the
the four days set aside for qualifying start the race. The actual
starting order depends on the day that the qualifying time was set.
This means that the fastest cars do not necessarily start from the
front of the grid.
The Speedway opens for practice on the first Saturday of May.
Practice is daily from the opening day to the last day of qualifying.
The track is open for practice starting at 11:00am (EST) and finishes
at 6:00pm (EST) or at the discretion of the USAC officials. The first
two days of qualifying are scheduled for the weekend two weeks before
the race. The second two days of qualifying are scheduled for the
week before the race. These days are called the `Time Trials'. There
is one last day of practice held on the Thursday before the race
called Carburetion Day. In the old days, this was the last day of
practice where the mechanics would adjust their cars carburetors.
Carburetion Day sounds better than Fuel Injection Day, don't it ?
10.1 Which cars start the race ?
The fastest 33 cars in qualifying start the race. Officially, its the
cars that qualify, and not the drivers. This means that a driver
could start the race in a car that was qualified by someone else.
This happened in 1993 when Scott Goodyear took over a car qualified
by Mike Groff.
With 33 spots in the field, and a lot more than 33 drivers trying
to qualify, usually at some point on the 3rd or 4th day, the field
fills up. At this point, the car in the field with the slowest speed
is said to be on the bubble. If someone qualifies faster than the car
on the bubble, then that car is bumped from the field. A bumped car,
cannot be used to try to requalify. The driver can try, but has to
use a different car.
10.2 How are the qualifying days organised ?
A run consists of each car running alone on the circuit for one or
two warm-up laps followed by four timed laps, over which the average
qualifying speed is calculated.
Each car can only complete the four timed laps once. During a
qualifying run, there is a team member positioned along the pit wall
who carries a yellow flag. At any time during the qualifying run,
that team member may stop the qualifying attempt by waving a yellow
flag (this is called waving off the attempt), indicating that the
team does not wish to accept that qualifying attempt. Once the car
takes the checkered flag at the end of the 4 timed laps, that's it.
The car has qualified with that particular run's average speed. It
can make no more qualifying attempts.
Waving off a qualifying attempt during the warm-up laps carries no
penalty, but you can only take the green flag that starts the timed
laps 3 times. You can wave off an attempt after the green flag flies
only twice. If you wave off during the timed laps on your third
attempt, that's it, and you get no more attempts to qualify.
The night before each day's qualifying, the teams that wish to
qualify cars the next day register their car numbers with the
officials, who then determine the initial order of qualifying
attempts for that day by lottery. On the qualifying day, they go once
through that order. When a car's number comes up, the team must
either make a qualifying attempt then and there, or step out of the
qualifying line. Qualifying attempts are made until the gun sounds at
6:00 pm. If they didn't get all the way through the initial order,
they do the rest of the order first thing next day, but those who
qualify in this way are grouped with the previous day's qualifiers
(thus, every car gets one shot at qualifying on any particular day).
If the officials get all the way through the lottery order and it's
not 6:00 pm yet, qualifying is thrown open and any not-yet-qualified
car can make an attempt by presenting itself at the line.
So each of the 4 days, they hold the lottery, go through the
lottery order, then comes free qualifying where any car can present
at the line and make an attempt, until 6:00 pm. If a car is rolling
before the 6:00 pm final gun, it is allowed to finish it's
qualification run. The car can be starting its warm-up laps too, it
only has to be rolling away from the inspection area when the gun
sounds.
Before a qualifying run can be made, the car must be inspected to
check that it meets all the rules. It takes only a few minutes for
this to be completed but it can yield a bit of drama just before 6:00
pm on Bubble Day. A line usually forms at the tech inspection area at
this time.
If a car's qualification attempt is interrupted by the track
officials to clear up debris, the car is allowed to refuel and move
to head of the technical inspection line to try again without an
attempt being charged to it.
If a driver wishes to qualify a different car (let's say that
Adrian Fernandez qualifies his backup car, but discovers that his
primary is running 10 mph faster, for example), then that driver must
withdraw his/her current car from the field, or let another driver
drive it. If a car is withdrawn, it may not attempt to requalify.
If a car has qualified, the engine cannot be changed for one of
another make. You'd have to requalify in a completely different
chassis with a new engine make
10.3 How is the race starting order decided ?
The first days qualifiers are locked into position in front of the
second day's qualifiers who are locked into position if front of the
third day's qualifiers, etc. The qualified cars are arranged from
fastest to slowest among that day's qualifiers. In this way, faster
cars will sometimes end up behind slower cars.
Pole Day is the first day of qualifying which has traditionally
given the Pole Sitter. The car on pole position can still be bumped
from the field, but it is not very likely. In this case, pole
position would go to the fastest car from the second qualifying day.
If a car is bumped from the field. The new qualifier (car) will be
inserted into the starting field based on the speed and the day that
the car qualified - it does not take over the position of the bumped
car.
If someone starts the race in a car that was qualified by another
driver, they start from the back of the grid.
10.4 How big is the track at Indy ?
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is a 2.5 mile square oval. The
straights are 50 feet wide. Two of the straights are 3,300 ft long,
the other two are 660 ft long. There are four turns, each of which is
1,320 feet long 60 feet wide tarmac. The 2.5 mile circuit is measured
3 feet from the inside white line. The turns are banked at 9 degrees
and 12 minutes. Eleven three car rows start the Indy 500.
10.5 How can I get tickets for the Indy 500 ?
1. Often somebody will sell a couple for face value on r.a.s sometime
in
the spring.
2. Get a friend or a friend-of-a-friend to invite you (this is sort of
what I did the first time)
3. Buy from scalpers (not cheap, but legal; I include travel agencies
that provide tickets in this, although they may not gouge like the
guys standing on 16th street waving handfuls of tickets).
4. From the ticket office itself:
Your request needs to arrive more-or-less immediately at the IMS.
I
plan to submit my renewal at the box in front of the museum/ticket
office the day after the race By more-or-less immediately, I mean
the
week after the race is the only window of opportunity to get
tickets
via the IMS ticket office. Requests may not be submitted until the
day
after the race is initially scheduled (remember, rain can cause a
delay).
For a first time ticket buyer, you will only be able to get seats
in
the infield. There are stands in each corner, named terraces: turn
1
terrace, turn 2 terrace, turn 3 terrace, turn 4 terrace. There are
stands on the short chute between 1 and 2. There are wheelchair
accessible seats in the short chute between 1 and 2 as well. The
other
infield seats are above the pits and start/finish; you will not be
able
to get seats there either.
You do not need the form in the program. Take a piece of paper and
list your preferences in order for the seats that you actually
have a
chance of getting. Include a check or US postal money order for
the
amount. If you use a check, be forewarned that a bounce will cause
the
cancellation of your order and that it may take the speedway 6 to
9
months to actually open your envelope and process it (can you say
`hurry up and wait?') use a postal money order if there is any
prospect
that you might lose track of a check. Do not use money orders with
short expirations on them.
This year and last year, infield terrace seats cost 25/seat; there
is
a good chance that they'll go up to 30 next year, so it's best to
make
that assumption when you plan your payment.
If you get tickets, then you will find out when a thick grey
envelope
arrives with a return address of Speedway Indiana. I'm not sure
what
you get if you're just receiving a refund check. This envelope may
not
arrive until a month or so before the race, and it will be your
first
indication you actually got tickets. you might consider making
travel
plans and saving up a little extra money to buy tickets the
expensive
way, just in case. Air travel into and out of the area books up
early.
10.6 Qualifying for other IndyCar Races
Qualifying takes place in two sessions over two days on the Friday and
Saturday before race Sunday. Each session is split into two halves,
the
slow half and the fast half. All drivers in each half can go out any
time they want to, so more than one car will be on the track at a
time.
Timing is handled electronically by a sensor in the car. On Friday,
slow and fast drivers are determined by order of finish in last week's
race. On Saturday, they are determined by Friday's times (thus it's
possible to run in the slow group on one day and the fast group on the
other). Drivers are ordered on the grid in order of the fastest time
they were able to turn in their qualifying sessions. Thus, the pole
winner will always have turned the fastest lap, unlike the Indy 500
where this is not guaranteed.
11. POINTS SYSTEMS
11.1 How does the F1 points system work?
The first six finishers get 10, 6, 4, 3, 2 and 1 points respectively.
Pole position and fastest laps get no extra points. All 16 races count
towards the drivers and constructors championship.
FOCA gives subsidised travel for the top ten teams. The exact value
of this as well as the prize money for the teams is a closely-guarded
secret. For the first half of the season, the teams are chosen by the
previous year's constructors championship. From the ninth race
onwards,
the results from the last half of the previous season are combined
with
those from the first half of the current season.
11.2 How does the IndyCar points system work?
Finish Points Finish Points Finish Points
Points
1 20 5 10 9 4 Pole position
1
2 16 6 8 10 3 Led most laps
1
3 14 7 6 11 2
4 12 8 5 12 1
The extra points for pole position and leading the most laps can both
go to the same driver. For this reason you sometimes see a driver
conquering 22 points, which means, he won the race (20), got the pole
(1) and led for more laps (1).
12. MISCELLANEOUS
12.1 What are the IndyCar flag rules ?
Blue flag with the yellow stripe (stationary): displayed to slower
cars
indicating that a faster car is attempting to pass. It is not a move
over command on road courses (not sure what it means on ovals). It is
merely advisory, although drivers can be called in for not checking
their mirrors.
Yellow flag (stationary): displayed when there is a car stopped off
line. it is also displayed at the flag station prior to waving yellows
as a backup. There is no passing allowed from the flag to the
incident.
Yellow flag (waving): displayed when there is great danger such as a
car
stopped on the line (or just about anywhere on the pavement at a
natural
terrain road course). Again, no passing until you pass the incident.
Double stationary yellow: displayed on road courses indicating a full
course caution.
Yellow flag with red stripes (stationary) (aka surface flag, debris
flag,
hazard flag or oil flag): displayed when there is oil, water, debris,
etc
on the course. Anything that could create a hazard. Normally kept up
for
1 lap until everyone has seen it, then it is dropped.
Black flag (from designated black flag station and the bridge):
displayed when they want the driver to report immediately to his/her
pit. Reasons vary from rule infractions to a mechanical problem that
requires immediate attention. If the black flag is displayed from all
corner stations, the session/race is red flagged and immediately ends
until the course condition that causes the red is cleared.
White flag with a thin red cross: displayed when a safety truck is
between that station and the next station. White flag (stationary) is
displayed at the station prior to the waving white. It is also
displayed for 2 stations for a slow moving race vehicle.
White flag at the start/finish line: last lap.
Checkered flag: displayed at the end of the race.
Green flag (from the bridge): starts or restarts a race.
Green flag (from a corner station): displayed if its been waving
yellow
for more than a lap.
Red flag: displayed only from the bridge to stop a session or a race.
12.2 Andretti vs Mansell
In 1993, Michael Andretti was faced with an unfamiliar car which was
reported to be tricky to drive. He did relatively little testing. He
had little time to learn many of the circuits on the race weekends.
Whether his lack of success was due to a combination of these factors
or from a lack of talent has been debated at length.
In 1993, Nigel Mansell was faced with an unfamiliar car which was
well sorted. Apparently it was comparatively easy to drive on ovals,
where Mansell was most successful. He was able to do a lot of test
miles. He had little time to learn some of the circuits, and struggled
at some of these. Whether his success was due to a combination of
these
factors or from his talent alone has also been debated at length.
12.3 What are the pros and cons of gravel traps, tyre walls, armco &
walls?
When a car leaves the circuit, the aim is to slow it down as smoothly
as possible to reduce the peak deceleration on the driver. The car and
debris should also be kept out of the way from the oncoming traffic if
at all possible. The kinetic energy of a car is proportional to its
weight and to the square of its velocity.
The physics of the situation is comparatively simple. Generally a
fit
driver can survive 50G impact if they are well restrained and so long
as it doesn't last for too long To slow a driver from 185MPH without
exceeding 50G, the shortest time in which you can stop the car is
1/6th
of a second which takes 22 feet at a steady 50g deceleration.
185 miles per hour = ((185*1609 m) / 3600 s) = 82.7 metres per
second
decrease in velocity = deceleration * time
deceleration time = (82.7 m/s) / (50 * 9.8 m/s^2) = 0.169
seconds
deceleration distance = ((decrease in velocity * deceleration
time) / 2)
deceleration distance = (82.7 m/s * 0.169 s)/2 = 6.98 m = 22.9
feet
It doesn't much matter what you crash into, as long as the driver is
protected from intrusions and that crucial 50G is not exceeded.
Realistically, whatever you hit is not going to slow you uniformly,
so you need to spread it out even more.
There are different ways to slow the cars, some of which are better
for some types of accident. The optimum solution for one type of
vehicle might be very bad for another.
Large grass run-off areas are cheap and easy to maintain and are one
of the best solutions for motorbike accidents. However, they mean
that the areas for spectators have to be set back a long way from the
track. They are obviously not an option at street circuits.
Gravel traps are commonly used on Formula One circuits. They work
very well for single seat racing cars and motorbikes. However, they
are not so effective for heavy saloon cars, as in NASCAR, where there
is a lot more energy to lose in an accident. Gravel traps are useless
when a car gets airborne. They also trap cars that stray into them so
that marshalls will not be able to push cars away from dangerous
positions. This means that tow trucks or cranes have to be available
for each and every race which makes them an expensive solution for a
long circuit - a problem if you want to run low budget racing series
at a profit. If a car manages to rejoin the track after visiting a
gravel trap, the circuit may get covered with gravel.
Tyre walls are a cheap way of cushioning walls. They work well for
low to medium speed crashes, but if a car hits one at high speed, it
can be bounced back onto the circuit, possibly into the following
cars. The car may also get snagged on the tyres and get thrown into
violent spins and rolls which may launch debris towards the
spectators. High speed crashes may also dislodge tyres from the wall
into the oncoming traffic. This problem can be solved by using
water-filled barriers instead of tyre walls like at Mickey Thompson
stadium off-road races. Another alternative is a large block of
expanded polystyrene. These are easy to move around for temporary
circuits.
Armco and concrete walls are good where cars hit them at a shallow
angle -- on a super-speedway for instance. The aim is not to absorb
the whole of the impact, but to deflect the car back along the track
to lose speed slowly. They are bad when a car hits them at a sharp
angle. The worst accidents on super-speedways occur when a driver
tries to correct oversteer by steering towards the wall. If he
regains grip, he gets sent into the wall at a sharp angle which then
causes a series of violent spins and rolls. Armco (crash barriers)
can absorb some impact. However, the barrier is still solid around
the supporting posts. Sometimes, single seat racing cars have been
able to `submarine' underneath the barrier which causes a very rapid
deceleration. Both types of barrier are bad for motorbike accidents.
Catch fencing was used for a while in the 1970s. Stretches of wire
netting was strung between lightly fixed posts. They worked well for
closed wheel cars, but if the nose of a single seater dipped
underneath the fencing, the drivers neck was left in a very exposed
position. They were particularly dangerous for motorbike accidents.
If adequate crash protection cannot be provided at a corner, the
track can be modified -- to allow extra run-off area or to slow the
cars with a chicane.
12.4 Where can I send condolences to the Family of Ayrton Senna ?
Milton & Neide Senna da Silva
Rua Dr. Jose Manuel # 67 17mo andar
Sao Paulo, S.P.
BRAZIL 0123200
12.5 What Helmet was Ayrton Senna Wearing When he Crashed?
Ayrton raced with both Bell and Shoei helmets. However on May 1, he
was wearing a Bell. This is shown in Ayrton Senna, by Christopher
Hilton, 1994, p96 has a the picture captioed "Farewell" which was
presumably taken in the last moments before the Imola start.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
The rec.autos.sport FAQ
rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 09-27-94 Msg # 28967
To: ALL Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: rec.autos.sport FAQ comm Stat: Public
Subj: rec.autos.sport FAQ 4/7: Read: No
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ÿ@FROM :rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
ÿ@SUBJECT:rec.autos.sport FAQ 4/7: NASCAR Frequently Asked Questions
ÿ@PACKOUT:09-28-94
Message-ID: <autos/sport/nascar_780652997@rtfm.mit.edu>
Newsgroups:
rec.autos.sport.nascar,rec.autos.sport,rec.autos.sport.info
rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: University of Bath
Archive-name: autos/sport/nascar
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sep 26th 1994
Version: 1.3
This will be posted monthly to rec.autos.sport.nascar,
rec.autos.sport.info, rec.autos.sport, rec.answers and news.answers.
It answers some of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) in
rec.autos.sport as well as some others which perhaps should be asked.
The latest text version of the FAQ is also available from:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/nascar
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/rasfaq.html
If you only have electronic mail, the FAQ can also be retrieved from
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu, listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr,
ftp-mail@uni-paderborn.de and ftpmail@ftp.edu.tw
For information on how to use FTP, send e-mail to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with with no subject line. In the body of the
mail put: send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
Whilst some care has been taken in the preparation of this FAQ, a few
errors may have slipped through the net (no pun intended). Please
send
any corrections or additions to rasfaq@bath.ac.uk.
13. NASCAR INFORMATION
13.1 Technical Regulations
The `official' NASCAR rules and regulations are not made available
to the general public or to the media. NASCAR reserves the right to
disseminate those regulations only to those teams it deems of merit
as seriously contending participants.
The Winston Cup series used to be known as Grand National. The name
was changed in 19??. Busch Grand National (BGN) now refers to the
NASCAR six-cylinder series which is the main feeder series for
Winston Cup. Some Busch drivers run in Winston Cup events, and vice
versa.
Winston Cup is considered the premier series in NASCAR. The Busch
Series is usually considered a minor league series for up-and-coming
drivers to hone their skills to move up to the Winston Cup (although
in the last few years, this series has established quite a following
and has sort of become a premier series in its own right).
The Busch Series runs mainly on short tracks (tracks less than a
mile in length) over shorter distances, while the Winston Cup series
concentrates on tracks greater than a mile in length. The Busch
Series has picked up a few superspeedways in the last few years.
There are several differences in the cars. The Winston Cup cars have
V-8 engines, while the BGN cars currently run V-6's (will run V-8's
beginning in '95). The BGN cars also have a shorter wheelbase. Winston
Cup cars weigh 3500 lbs while BGN cars weigh (I think) 3000 lbs.
13.2 So How Much of a `Stock Car' is `Stock' ?
Nascar Winston Cup engines today generally use pistons manufactured
by J E, Wiseco, Ross and a couple of others. There are usually very
few `Factory' (ie Ford or Chevy) parts used in/on the entire car. For
most parts, any supplier could be used - even Mercedes produced
pistons could be used in either a Ford or Chevy given the correct
bore diameter and wrist pin placement, rod length and crankshaft
stroke.
The engine block and head castings are usually bought in rough form
to conform to the casting number rules required by NASCAR. The blocks
are special alloy materials such as higher than normal tin content
and extra webbing area for strength around the main bearings. The
heads are aluminum alloy and also much different than any production
heads. Extra material is generally available for various teams to
port them in different ways and to bore the valve guides just the way
they want them. The engines also are always 358 ci but for various
tracks the torque output is tailored by variations in bore and stroke
ratio to get the performance combination for acceleration off the
turns or straightaway speed as desired by the particualr driver/team
preference.
Many or most teams use the roof and winshield post sheetmetal from
factory factory production to obtain proper profile and height as
these parts are difficult to form by hand. Up until this year factory
type windshields were aslo used peer NASCAR rules to fit the actory
body templates. Now the safer lexan windshields are allowed. The
plastic nose and tail bumper covers are aftermarket parts but the
remainder of the body is usually formed by hand using a tool called
an `English wheel' which helps stretch and curve the metal for the
fenders, doors and quarter panels. I believe but am not sure that
factory or equivalent rocker panels are used at the moment.
13.3 What is a `restrictor plate' ?
They are aluminum plates with four 7/8 inch holes. They are placed
between the carbuerator and intake manifold on an engine. The
carbuerators used in WC have four 1-1/2 inch diameter barrels. When
this 7/8 inch restrictor plate is installed, the air-flow into the
engine is restricted, thus reducing horsepower. Restrictor plates
were mandated on WC cars at Talladega and Daytona in 1988 in an
effort to keep the cars from getting airborne and crashing into
spectator fences. NASCAR first attempted to slow speeds after Bobby
Allisons car became airborne and crashed into the spectator fence at
Talladega in May of 1987. NASCAR first tried smaller carbuerators
(for the July races at both tracks) but decided on the restrictor
plate to begin the '88 season. The original plates had 1 inch holes.
Now, they're down to 7/8 inch.
13.4 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
Race Track TV Local Laps Miles
Track Date of
Start Size Race
Time /miles
Daytona 500 Daytona Beach FL CBS 12.15pm 200 500 2.5
Feb
20th
Goodwrench 500 Rockingham NC TNN 12.30pm 492 500 1.017
Feb
27th
Pontiac Excitement 400 Richmond VA TBS 1.15pm 400 300 0.75
Mar
6th
Purolator 500 Hampton GA ABC 1.00pm 328 500 1.522
Mar
13th
Transouth Financial 400 Darlington SC ESPN 1.00pm 293 400 1.366
Mar
27th
Food City 500 Bristol TN ESPN 1.10pm 500 266.5 0.533
Apr
10th
First Union 400 N. Wilkesboro NC ESPN 1.00pm 400 250 0.625
Apr
17th
Hanes 500 Martinsville VA ESPN 12.30pm 500 263 0.526
Apr
24th
Winston Select 500 Talladega AL ESPN 1.00pm 188 500 2.66
May
1st
Save Mart Supermrkts 300 Sonoma CA ESPN 1.00pm 74 186.5 2.52
May
15th
Coca-Cola 600 Concord NC TBS 4.30pm 400 600 1.5
May
29th
Budweiser 500 Dover DE TNN 12.10pm 500 500 1.0
Jun
5th
Pocono 500 Long Pond PA TNN 12.30pm 200 500 2.5
Jun
12th
Miller Genuine Draft 400 Brooklyn MI ESPN 1.00pm 200 400 2.0
Jun
19th
Pepsi 400 Daytona Beach FL ESPN 11.00am 160 400 2.5
Jul
2nd
Slick 50 300 Loudon NH TNN 1.00pm 300 317.4 1.058
Jul
10th
Miller Genuine Draft 500 Long Pond PA TBS 12.30pm 200 500 2.5
Jul
17th
Diehard 500 Talladega AL CBS 12.15pm 188 500 2.66
Jul
24th
Brickyard 400 Indianapolis IN ABC 12.00pm 160 400 2.5
Aug
6th
The Bud at the Glen Watkins Glen NY ESPN 1.00pm 90 220.5 2.45
Aug
14th
GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 Brooklyn MI CBS 12.30pm 200 400 2.0
Aug
21st
Goody's 500 Bristol TN ESPN 7.40pm 500 266.5 0.533
Aug
27th
Mountain Dew S'thrn 500 Darlington SC ESPN 1.00pm 367 500 1.366
Sep
4th
Miller Genuine Draft 400 Richmond VA TBS 7.30pm 400 300 0.75
Sep
10th
Splitfire Sparkplug 500 Dover DE TNN 12.10pm 500 500 1.0
Sep
18th
Goody's 500 Martinsville VA ESPN 12.30pm 500 263 0.526
Sep
25th
Tyson Holly Farms 400 N. Wilkesboro NC ESPN 1.00pm 400 250 0.625
Oct
2nd
Mello Yello 500 Concord NC TBS 1.00pm 334 500 1.5
Oct
9th
AC-Delco 500 Rockingham NC TNN 12.30pm 492 500 1.017
Oct
23th
Slick 50 500 Phoenix AZ TNN 12.00pm 312 312 1.0
Oct
30th
Hooters 500 Hampton GA ESPN 12.30pm 328 500 1.522
Nov
13th
13.5 NASCAR Busch Series, Grand National Division
Race Track TV Local Laps Miles
Track Date of
Start Size Race
Time /miles
Sundrop 500 Hickory NC 300 108.9 0.363
Apr
3rd
Goody's 250 Bristol TN 250 133.3 0.533
Apr
9th
Rougemont NC 300 Apr 30th
Chevy Dealers of NE Loudon NH 250 250 1.0
May
7th
Meridian Bank 200 Nazareth PA 200 200 1.0
May
22nd
Champion SP 300 Charlotte NC 200 300 1.5
May
28th
Goodwrench/Delco Bat Dover DE 200 200 1.0
Jun
4th
Carolina Pride/Bud Myrtle Beach SC 250
Jun
11th
Fay's 150 Watkins Glen NY 61 150 2.45
Jun
25th
Fireworks 250 West Allis WI 250 250 1.0
Jul
3rd
South Boston VA 300 Jul 16th
Fram Filter 500 Talladega AL 117 310.7 2.66
Jul
23rd
Granger Select 500 Hickory NC 300
Jul
31st
Kroger NASCAR 200 Clermont IN 137
Aug
5th
Detroit Gasket 200 Michigan Int Sway 100 200 2.0
Aug
20th
Food City 250 Bristol TN 250 133.3 0.533
Aug
26th
Gatorade 200 Darlington SC 146 200 1.366
Sep
3rd
Autolite Platinum Richmond VA 250 175 0.75
Sep
9th
SplitFire SP 200 Dover DE 200 200 1.0
Sep
17th
All Pro Auto Parts Charlotte NC 200 300 1.5
Oct
8th
Advance Auto Parts Martinsville VA 300 157.8 0.526
Oct
16th
AC-Delco 200 Rockingham NC 197 200 1.017
Oct
22nd
13.6 ASA AC-Delco Challenge Series Schedule
Colorado National Speedway Denver CO April 24th
Columbus Motor Speedway Columbus OH May 1st
Toledo Speedway Toledo OH May 15th
I-70 Speedway Odessa MO June 4th
Louisville Motor Speedway Louisville KY June 11th
Tri-City Motor Speedway Auburn MI June 17th
Berlin Raceway Marne MI June 18th
Brainerd International Raceway Brainerd MN June 26th
Hawkeye Downs Speedway CedarRapids IA July 4th
Salem Speedway Salem IN July 16th
Heartland Park Topeka KS July 31st
Berlin Raceway Marne MI August 13th
Anderson Speedway Anderson IN August 20th
Milwaukee Mile Milwaukee WI August 28th
Minnesota State Fair Speedway St. Paul MN September
5th
Michigan International Speedway Brooklyn MI September
11th
Toledo Speedway Toledo OH October 2nd
Jennerstown Speedway Jennerstown PA October 16th
13.7 1994 NASCAR Drivers
02 Curtis Markham (VA) Children's Miracle Network Ford-
Thunderbird
1 Rick Mast (VA) Skoal Classic Ford-
Thunderbird
2 Rusty Wallace (NC) Miller Genuine Draft Ford-
Thunderbird
3 Dale Earnhardt (NC) GM Goodwrench Chevrolet-
Lumina
4 Sterling Marlin (TN) Kodak Chevrolet-
Lumina
5 Terry Labonte (NC) Kellogg's Corn Flakes Chevrolet-
Lumina
6 Mark Martin (NC) Valvoline Ford-
Thunderbird
7 Geoff Bodine (NC) Exide Batteries Ford-
Thunderbird
8 Jeff Burton (VA) Raybestos Brakes Ford-
Thunderbird
9 Rich Bickle (WI) Melling Engine Parts Ford-
Thunderbird
10 Ricky Rudd (NC) Tide Ford-
Thunderbird
11 Bill Elliott (GA) Budweiser Ford-
Thunderbird
12 Chuck Bown (OR) WBF/Masterbuilt Ford-
Thunderbird
14 John Andretti (IN) Financial World Chevrolet-
Lumina
15 Lake Speed (MS) Quality Care Ford-
Thunderbird
16 Ted Musgrave (NC) The Family Channel Ford-
Thunderbird
17 Darrell Waltrip (TN) Western Auto Chevrolet-
Lumina
18 Dale Jarrett (NC) Interstate Batteries Chevrolet-
Lumina
19 Loy Allen Jr. (NC) Hooter's Ford-
Thunderbird
21 Morgan Shepherd (NC) Citgo Oil Ford-
Thunderbird
22 Bobby Labonte (NC) Maxwell House Coffee Pontiac-Grand
Prix
23 Hut Stricklin (AL) Smokin Joe's Ford-
Thunderbird
24 Jeff Gordon (NC) DuPont Auto Finishes Chevrolet-
Lumina
25 Ken Schrader (NC) Kodiak Chevrolet-
Lumina
26 Brett Bodine (NC) Budweiser/QuakerState Ford-
Thunderbird
27 Jimmy Spencer (NC) McDonald's Ford-
Thunderbird
28 Ernie Irvan (NC) Texaco-Havoline Ford-
Thunderbird
29 Steve Grissom (AL) Diamond Ridge Chevrolet-
Lumina
30 Michael Waltrip (NC) Pennzoil Pontiac-Grand
Prix
31 Ward Burton (NC) Hardees Chevrolet-
Lumina
32 Dick Trickle (NC) ATS Wood Recycling Chevrolet-
Lumina
33 Harry Gant (NC) Skoal Bandit Chevrolet-
Lumina
40 Bobby Hamilton (TN) Kendall Oil Pontiac-Grand
Prix
41 Joe Nemechek (FL) Meineke Mufflers Chevrolet-
Lumina
42 Kyle Petty (NC) Mello Yello Pontiac-Grand
Prix
43 Wally Dallenbach (NC) STP Pontiac-Grand
Prix
51 Jeff Purvis (TN) Country Time Lemonade Chevrolet-
Lumina
52 Brad Teague (TN) NAPA Auto Parts Ford-
Thunderbird
54 Robert Pressley (NC) Mannheim Auctions Chevrolet-
Lumina
55 Jimmy Hensley (VA) Petron Plus Ford-
Thunderbird
71 Dave Marcis (NC) STG Chevrolet-
Lumina
75 Todd Bodine (NC) Factory Stores Ford-
Thunderbird
77 Greg Sacks (FL) Jasper Engines/US Air Ford-
Thunderbird
80 Jimmy Horton (NJ) Hover Ford-
Thunderbird
90 Mike Wallace (NC) Heilig-Meyers Ford-
Thunderbird
95 Jeremy Mayfield (TN) Shoney's Inn Ford-
Thunderbird
97 Chad Little (NC) Bayer Select Ford-
Thunderbird
98 Derrike Cope (NC) Fingerhut Ford-
Thunderbird
13.8 How does the NASCAR Winston Cup points system work?
Each driver who competes in a NASCAR Winston Cup race is awarded
championship points according to the following descending scale based
on finish position.
Five additional bonus points are awarded to each driver who leads a
lap and an additional five bonus points go to the driver who leads
the most laps.
Finish Points Finish Points Finish Points Finish
Points
1 175 11 130 21 100 31
70
2 170 12 127 22 97 32
67
3 165 13 124 23 94 33
64
4 160 14 121 24 91 34
61
5 155 15 118 25 88 35
58
6 150 16 115 26 85 36
55
7 146 17 112 27 82 37
52
8 142 18 109 28 79 38
49
9 138 19 106 29 76 39
46
10 134 20 103 30 73 40
43
Normally 43 cars is the maximum number allowed in any race. The points
for those remaining positions are calculated by subtracting 3 from the
previous position. No points are awarded for pole.
13.9 How are rookie points decided ?
o 1 point is awarded to each rookie who starts the race.
o The highest finishing rookie is awarded 10 points, the next
highest 9
points, and so on down to 0.
o bonus points are awarded for the top 10. A rookie finishing 10th
receives 1 bonus point, 9th 2 points, and so on. If a rookie wins
the
race he would receive 10 bonus points.
For example, at Atlanta in 1994, 8 rookies qualified for the race:
Finishing Place Rookie Points
Jeff Burton 4th 18
Joe Nemechek 18th 10
Steve Grissom 20th 9
Loy Allen 22nd 8
Mike Wallace 27th 7
Curtis Markham 39th 6
Ward Burton 40th 5
John Andretti 42nd 4
Jeff Burton received 1 point for qualifying, 10 points for being the
highest finishing rookie and 7 points for finishing 4th place. Joe
Nemechek received 1 point for qualifying and 9 points for being the
second highest rookie.
13.10 How are NASCAR provisional starts decided ?
Provisional starts are available for the top 35 in the points
standings
for car owners. In the first four races of the year, car owner
standings from the previous season are used. After that the standings
from the current season are taken instead. Each team is allowed to use
three provisional starts in the first 10 races, one in the second 10,
and one in the third 10. Another provisional start is reserved for
former Winston Cup champions who have failed to qualify for a race.
There is only one former champion's provisional - it goes to the most
recent champion if two champions fail to qualify.
13.11 Who is the guy that's always in the NASCAR victory lane ?
It's Bill Broderick. He's a representative of Unocal and it has been
his job since lord knows when to handle Victory Lane at all non-NASCAR
owned tracks (they have their own guy who has also been doing the same
things for years).
13.12 How can I find MRN radio ?
MRN is syndicated to 400 local radio stations in 37 States across
America. It is also available by satellite - telephone USA (1) 904
254-6760 for information. There is a list of MRN affiliates with their
frequencies and details of the satelite feeds at:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/auto/nascar/mrn-affiliates
13.13 How can I get information about watching a NASCAR race ?
The new `Official Directory' for NASCAR tracks is a must for those who
might travel to a race and plan to stay the weekend - lots of local
info on places to stay, etc.
Orders ( $19.95, plus $5 and $8 S & H) can also be addressed to:
Bell South Advertising & Publishing,
PO Box 5887, Ft Lauderdale,
FL 33310-7942, USA.
The directory comes complete with track layouts, seat charts, and a
toll
free number for track info (USA) 1-800-AUTORACE, which you can use for
1-General Track Info
2-Ticket Info
3-Schedule
4-Qual Times
5-Weather
The tracks require the following 4 digit ID codes:
Atlanta--1100
Bristol--1200
Charlotte--1300
Darlington--1400
Daytona--1500
etc alphabetically through Watkins Glenn at 2800. Unfortunately, only
Winston Cup tracks are covered, and not places like Hickory or South
Boston.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
The rec.autos.sport FAQ
rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 09-27-94 Msg # 28969
To: ALL Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: rec.autos.sport FAQ comm Stat: Public
Subj: rec.autos.sport FAQ 5/7: Read: No
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ÿ@FROM :rasfaq@bath.ac.uk
ÿ@SUBJECT:rec.autos.sport FAQ 5/7: General Autosport Frequently Asked
ÿ@PACKOUT:09-28-94
Message-ID: <autos/sport/general-faq_780652997@rtfm.mit.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.autos.sport.misc,rec.autos.sport,rec.autos.sport.info
rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: University of Bath
Archive-name: autos/sport/general-faq
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sep 26th 1994
Version: 1.3
This will be posted monthly to rec.autos.sport.info, rec.autos.sport,
rec.answers and news.answers. It answers some of the most frequently
asked questions (FAQs) in rec.autos.sport as well as some others which
perhaps should be asked.
The latest text version of the FAQ is also available from:
ftp://mgu.bath.ac.uk/pub/rec.autos.sport/general-faq
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/rasfaq.html
If you only have electronic mail, the FAQ can also be retrieved from
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu, listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr,
ftp-mail@uni-paderborn.de and ftpmail@ftp.edu.tw
For information on how to use FTP, send e-mail to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with with no subject line. In the body of the
mail put: send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
Whilst some care has been taken in the preparation of this FAQ, a few
errors may have slipped through the net (no pun intended). Please
send
any corrections or additions to rasfaq@bath.ac.uk.
14. GENERAL QUESTIONS
14.1 Who is the greatest driver of all time ?
Gilles Villeneuve (IMHO*).
Anyone can have an opinion on the greatest driver of all time.
Unfortunately we'll never know just who is correct. The great drivers
have never all raced each other in similar cars with each at the peak
of their careers.
We can say who has won the most races and the most championships.
However, some of the great drivers have not been particularly
successful. Stirling Moss being the classic example of a driver who
failed to win the F1 championship after driving for some second rate
teams. Comparisons of drivers between different eras of motor racing
are even more open to question. There are so many changes both in
technical developments for the cars and circuits, and the differing
numbers of competitive cars and drivers through the years.
Try to ignore obvious flame-bait. You're unlikely to persuade
anyone that they are wrong by shouting at them. If you want to try,
please do it in alt.flame. Whats much more interesting for people to
read are the reasons why you like your favourite driver. Tell some
anecdotes about their greatest moments. What makes them special ?
[*] Some of my favourite Gilles Villeneuve information is available
here:
http://www.bath.ac.uk/~bspahh/gilles/gilles.html
14.2 Which is the best racing series ?
This is another topic that has been thrashed to death. You are just
as unlikely to persuade anyone that they are wrong by shouting at
them. Whats much more interesting for people to read are the reasons
why you like your favourite series. What makes it special ?
14.3 Murray Walker
Murray Walker (aka Muddly Talker) is the commentator for the much of
the BBC's motorsports coverage including F1 and the BTCC. He is a
motorsports enthusiast. He is also prone to spouting rubbish in the
heat of the moment in spite of his vast experience of commentating
for Grand Prix racing. He's a nice bloke too.
`He's obviously gone in for a wheel change. I say obviously because
I can't see it'
`With half the race gone, there is half the race still to go'
`Do my eyes deceive me, or is Senna's Lotus sounding rough ?'
`Anything happens in Grand Prix racing and it usually does'
`Alboreto has dropped back up to fifth place'
`As you look at the first four, the significant thing is that
Alboreto is 5th'
`I can't imagine what kind of problem Senna has. I imagine it must
be some sort of grip problem'
`He is shedding buckets of adrenalin in that car'
`It's raining and the track is wet'
`And theres just a few more corners for Nigel Mansell to go to win
the Canadian Grand Prix ... and ... he's going rather slow ... He's
stopping HE'S STOPPING!'
`and this is the third placed car about to lap the second placed car'
`they say clothes maketh the man ... the clothes are Niki Laudas, but
the contents are me ... ' as Murray prepares to take a drive in a F1
car.'
[He gets a total distance of ... oh, 1 foot before he stalls it.]
[During a F1 race, describing how the leader can see the driver
following him] ` ... Mansell can see him in his earphone ...'
`So Bernie [Ecclestone] , in the seventeen years since you bought
McLaren, which of your many achievements do you think was the most
memorable ?' Bernie Answers,`Well I don't remember buying McLaren.'
[
Bernie Ecclestone used to own the Brabham team] .
Murray:`What's that? There's a BODY on the track!!!' James: `Um, I
think that that is a piece of BODY--WORK, from someone's car.'
Murray: `There's a fiery glow coming from the back of the Ferrari.'
James: `No Murray, that's his rear safety light.'
As an introductory piece for a rallysprint race, Murray was put in the
Navigator's seat alongside Tony Pond in a Chevette HSR (270 BHP, rwd,
and twitchy), added an in-car camera, and wired Murray for sound. The
result can be deduced by extrapolating his usual excitement and
enthusiasm, and adding a large pinch of raw terror! `And there's a
600
foot drop on my left