http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID 0001943 

By Larry Greenemeier
InformationWeek
July 2, 2007

Although cyberterrorism has been around since the Internet reached the 
mainstream more than a decade ago, a relatively new Web-based 
application offers Islamic jihadis a way for even the relatively 
nontechnical to target and attack Web sites perceived to be 
anti-Islamic.

The "Electronic Jihad Program" is part of the long-term vision jihadi 
Web site Al-jinan.org has to use the Internet as a weapon, something 
that affects any organization that relies on the Web.

Electronic Jihad allows users to target specific IP addresses for attack 
in order to take any servers running at those IP addresses offline. The 
application even includes a Windows-like interface that lets users 
choose from a list of target Web sites provided via the Al-jinan site, 
select an attack speed (weak, medium, or strong), and the click on the 
"attack" button.

The concept of "electronic jihad" is a relatively recent strain of 
cyberterrorism interested in very specific network and economic 
disruption, Dorothy Denning, a professor in the Department of Defense 
Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School, told InformationWeek. Its 
audience consists of malicious Islamic hackers aligned with Osama bin 
Laden, al-Qaida, and the extremist Islamic movement. "The attacks from 
jihadists are interested in taking Web sites down and disrupting 
economies that they don't like," she added. "It's something to be taken 
seriously."

U.S. businesses would be greatly impacted by any large-scale 
cyberattacks against either them or the country's critical 
infrastructure because most of that infrastructure is run by companies 
in the private sector. The government and the U.S. business community 
"are one-in-the-same target," Andrew Colarik, an information security 
consultant who holds a Ph.D. in information systems security from the 
University of Auckland, told InformationWeek. Even businesses that don't 
run critical infrastructure elements could be affected because "there's 
a cascading effect if you attack the infrastructure."

The latest version of Electronic Jihad software, 2.0, is designed to 
quickly update its list of target sites and to work with different 
Internet connection speeds. The application is also described as being 
capable of using different proxies to override government Web site 
blocking technology, Abdul Hameed Bakier, an intelligence expert on 
counterterrorism, crisis management, and terrorist-hostage negotiations, 
wrote in a recent report for the Jamestown Foundation, a Washington, 
D.C., think tank established on Sept. 11, 2003, to study and analyze 
global terrorism. "In the past, different jihadi groups practiced 
cyberattacks on anti-Islamic websites, but they were never able to 
sustain a long, organized campaign," Bakier wrote in the June 26 edition 
of Jamestown's weekly Terrorism Focus publication. He noted that 
Al-jinan is not only operating continuously but is developing new 
techniques to enhance the technology and methods of promoting electronic 
jihad. "With the spreading use of the Internet in the Arab and Islamic 
world, the number of users engaged in some form of electronic jihad is 
likely to increase substantially," he added.

In addition to supplying the online weapons for cyberattack, the 
Al-jinan site also serves as a forum for learning attack techniques as 
well as other information that can be used in electronic jihad efforts. 
One emphasis is on the need for jihadis to organize synchronized mass 
cyberattacks on Web sites that they believe are critical of Islam. 
Electronic Jihad users set up an account name and password, which lets 
the site register the number of hours the user spends attacking targets 
and post the names of those who scored the highest. One attacker spent 
the equivalent of 70 days attacking sites.

Of course, the notion of "hactivism," which really lies at the heart of 
electronic jihad, has been around for years. In 1995, the Strange 
Communication Network, or Strano, launched what it called "the first 
global strike" on the Internet when it encouraged Web users to point 
their browsers at French government sites and repeatedly click on 
"reload" for an hour. "This was to disrupt French government sites, and 
it probably did back then," Denning said.

Since then, cyberterrorism has been a persistent threat that draws 
attention to itself only in extreme instances. The Baltic nation of 
Estonia was hit for two weeks at the end of April and early May with 128 
cyberattacks launched against that country's computer infrastructure. 
While the source of those attacks is still being investigated, the 
results could have been dire for the country, where 97% of bank 
transactions are done via the Internet.

"When you are a highly Interneted country like we are, then these kinds 
of attacks can do very serious damage," Estonian President Toomas 
Hendrik Ilves said during a June 25 press conference with U.S. President 
Bush. "And I do think it's the wave of the future--not that it's a good 
wave, but it is something that we have to deal with more and more."

Ilves added, "We know that the United States and Israel and Denmark have 
come under cyberattack before, and I think that it's an issue that will 
require much more attention in the future."

Estonia has linked the cyberattacks to a dispute with Russia over the 
relocation of a Soviet war memorial from the World War II era in the 
Estonian capital, Tallinn, shortly before the attacks began. Russia, 
however, has denied any involvement in the incident. The country has 
been at odds with Russia since regaining its freedom from the former 
Soviet Union in 1991.

The U.S. Defense Department is certainly not immune to cyberattacks. A 
cybersecurity breach on June 20 forced the Pentagon to take an estimated 
1,500 computers offline. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said at a 
press conference the following day that the e-mail system in the Office 
of the Secretary of Defense was penetrated by hackers, and "elements" of 
the unclassified e-mail system were shut down in response.

It's hard to tell if the attack on the Defense Department came from a 
terrorist cell or a political group or if it was an attack sanctioned by 
a foreign government, Colarik said, adding, "Or it could be a 
combination of these, with someone seeing that an attack was happening 
[against Pentagon computers] and jumping on the bandwagon."

However, security pros needn't get caught up in the distinctions between 
"cyberterrorism" and "electronic jihad" because they both rely heavily 
on a form of attack that IT security pros have been seeing for quite 
some time, Denning said, adding, "It's about DoS [denial-of-service] 
attacks, something that's been around for a while."

While companies that operate critical infrastructure must be especially 
wary of Internet-based attacks, "everyone has to pay attention to 
security," Denning said. "There may be some businesses that say no one 
will target us. But electronic jihad will target anyone if it creates 
economic disruption. Whoever's vulnerable gets attacked."


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