AOH :: AP2EMUL.FAQ
Apple ][ Emulators FAQ
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From: amaddiso@extro.ucc.su.OZ.AU (Alex Maddison)
Reply-To: Alex Maddison <alexm@zip.com.au>
Newsgroups: comp.emulators.apple2,alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2,alt.emulators,comp.emulators,alt.answers,comp.answers,news.answers,alt.emulators
Followup-To: comp.emulators.apple2
Subject: COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2: FAQ][ v3.1 (1/1)
Date: 30 Sep 1995 04:54:26 GMT
Organization: Information Technology Services, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
Message-ID: <44iii2$8s9@metro.ucc.su.OZ.AU>
Archive-name: apple2/emulators-faq/part1
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Version: 3.1
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Apple ][ Software Emulators *
* FAQ version 3.1 *
* *
* (c) 1995 Alex Maddison *
* <alexm@zip.com.au> *
* *
* Corrections and constructive criticism welcome. *
* *
* Last updated: September 1995 *
* *
* Newsgroups: comp.emulators.apple2, alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2, comp.answers *
* Posted: First week of each month or on demand. *
* *
* ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emulators.apple2/ *
* COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2:_FAQ][_v3.1_(1_1) *
* ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/emulators-faq/part1 *
* ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/faqs/comp.emulators.apple2_v3.1 *
* http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/emulators/apple2/top.html *
* *
*******************************************************************************
(An "*" represents new information)
Introduction
1) The Apple ROMs
2) Apple ][ emulators & projects
General Emulator Related Files
* Amiga Platform
* Apple Macintosh Platform
Atari Platform
IBM-PC - Linux Platform
* IBM-PC - MSDOS Platform
IBM-PC - Windows Platform
UNIX/NeXT Platform
YAE (Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator)
* Hindenburg Project
VirtualGS(tm) Emulator Project
* 3) Emulator resources (FTP/WWW, disk-image sites, software & information)
* 4) Compression techniques
* 5) Creating/extracting disk-images
* 6) Disk-image formats & conversion
* 7) Working with disk-images
8) Further Reading
*******************************************************************************
Introduction
Well, after over a month's absence (mostly due to poor newsfeed to my
provider :-( ), the newly-revised FAQ has returned. I have attempted to verify
the accuracy of the program locations, and out-of-date sites have been removed.
Sad news - "minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au" has discontinued its Apple FTP site; and
"ftp.et.byu.edu" (the old zaniWok site) no longer seems to carry Apple stuff
either... Other than that, there seems to be a number of new emulators in the
offering (particularly for the Macintosh) so stay tuned!
Alex.
*******************************************************************************
1) The Apple ROMs
According to the 'Apple ][ User's Guide', the read-only memory (ROM)
"contents never change, even when you turn the power off. ROM contains the
programs which give the Apple II its unique identity and enables it to
understand and respond appropriately to the commands you type in at the
keyboard." (p.4) Every computer contains ROMs, and understandably, they are
copyrighted by the manufacturer. As such, many of the emulator packages
listed below do not include the ROMs required to emulate an Apple ][. ROMs
can be duplicated from your original Apple computer in the form of binary
files - usually the Apple, disk-drive and serial ROMs. Instructions for
saving the information from the ROMs into binary files can be found in the
text file "dumping-ROMs" available on wilbur. Emulator packages which do not
include the ROMs often include instructions on dumping ROMs. This information
is specifically indicated in the descriptions below. As an aside, the main
Apple ROMs are included on the original DOS3.3 System Master Disk, in the
"FPBASIC" and "INTBASIC" binary files.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dumping-ROMs
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
*******************************************************************************
2) Apple ][ emulators
The SHORT DESCRIPTION is intended only as a general guide; refer to the
documentation that comes with each package for the complete technical
information. The DISK-IMAGE FORMATS are explained in Chapter 6.
IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT WILBUR.STANFORD.EDU (AKA FOGHORN.STANFORD.EDU):
The /pub/apple2/, /pub/apple2/DiskImages and /pub/apple2/incoming directories
on wilbur are now unreadable (ie. they no longer produce a file list, with the
"ls", "ls -la" or "dir" commands"). The files listed in this document are still
there and can be retrieved normally. Specify download filenames EXACTLY using a
normal shell FTP process. AmericaOnline (AOL), WinFTP, Macintosh Fetch and other
browser users will *NOT* be able to retrieve files from wilbur. If you are
using this document through WWW then the hypertext links should work.
==============================
GENERAL EMULATOR-RELATED FILES
==============================
APL2BMP - Small MSDOS executable which converts Apple ][ screen-dumps
(BSAVE FILE,A$2000,L$2000) to Windows bitmaps (.BMP), by Arthur Levesque
<bakslash@ix.netcom.com>.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apl2bmp.zip
AP2INF - ANSI C source and MSDOS executable written to extract data from
disk-images of Infocom adventure games, so that it can be used with other
interpreters on other systems, by Stephen Tjasink <stjasink@cs.uct.ac.za>.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/infocom/tools/ap2inf14.zip (v1.4)
SPEED.TEST - Disk-image containing a small program to test (and benchmark)
emulator performance, by William Night <wnight@cafe.net>.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/spedtest.zip (v1.0)
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/spdt222.zip (v2.2.2)
Timer Module - Add-on which times Speed Test on the Macintosh emulator STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/timer.sit.hqx
==============
Amiga Platform
==============
AppleM (DEMO version)
------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/applemdemo.lha
- AMINET & SOME MIRRORS
AUTHOR: Greg Dunlap <gdunlap@ecst.csuchico.edu>.
STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: July 6, 1992).
SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleM emulates an Apple ][+ through Rexx C; it supports all
Apple display modes, sound, joystick and language card. Additional enhancements
are available: lowercase text is displayed and the 6502C instruction set is
emulated. There is no disk, modem or printer support.
ROMS: AppleM does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be copied
from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text file
included with the package.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Amiga 1000, Amiga 500 and higher running KS1.2.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive).
RELATED FILES:
Load RAM - Load Apple 2000 programs into AppleM (Rexx C).
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/LoadRAM.lha
Apple On Amiga (version 0.1)
--------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/AppleOnAmiga.tar.Z
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/AppleOnAmiga.lha
- AMINET & SOME MIRRORS
AUTHOR: Claudio Nieder <claudio@chuug.ch>.
STATUS: Unknown.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Amiga On Apple emulates a 48K Apple ][+, with two disk
drives (read/write but not save). It runs BASIC programs at 1/10 the speed
of an Apple ][ and disk access can be as slow as 1/60 of an Apple ][.
Booting can take five to six minutes. Written in Modula-2.
ROMS: Apple On Amiga does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be
copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text
file included with the package (including an uncompiled Apple ][ program which
must be transferred).
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard (size: 230 kilobytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Fast" Amiga with Workbench 2.0.4, and 1MB RAM free
(such as 25MHZ Amiga 3000).
FURTHER REFERENCE: "Readme" (Text file included in the archive).
Apple 2000 (version 1.3)
----------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/Apple2000v13.lha
- AMINET & MIRRORS
Older versions as below:
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/Apple2000v1.lha
AUTHOR: Kevin Kralian <Kevin_Kralian@sacbbx.com>.
STATUS: Further development ceased. The author posted a message to
comp.sys.amiga.emulations stating that he will no longer be doing anything
for the Amiga, therefore V1.3 is the last version.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple 2000 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, allowing loading
(Right-Amiga-L) from and saving (Right-Amiga-S) to DDD Apple compressed
disk archives from any Amiga device. All video modes are available
(Text, LoRes, HiRes and mixed), along with a two button joystick.
Apple 2000 is able to instantly load and run Apple files from any Amiga
device (without "disk-booting"). The emulator supports Amiga multi-tasking.
Version 1.3 introduces a number of improvements in the emulator;
be sure to read the documentation.
ROMS: Apple 2000 does not come with the necessary ROMs. The missing ROMs are
the disk-drive ROMs ("_DISK.ROM") and main Apple ROMs ("_APPLE.ROM") - these
ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the
"Apple 2000.doc" text file included with the package.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DDD archives, plain Apple ][ files, raw disk-images
(size: 220 kilobytes), and DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes) - see Chapter
6 below.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68020 Amiga with Kickstart 2.0, 1MB RAM and
ReqTools.library (by Nico FranÁois). Will not work on 68000 Amiga (A500,2000).
FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple 2000.doc" (Text file included in the archive).
========================
Apple Macintosh Platform
========================
Deja ][
-------
AUTHOR: Randy Brandt <rbjem@aol.com> (JEM Software).
STATUS: Under development.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: An AppleWorks emulator for 68K and PPC Macintoshes. From a
post on "comp.sys.apple2": "It supports most TimeOut applications, including
UltraMacros. It also tightly integrates AppleWorks 5 and the Mac environment.
This includes automatic conversion between Macintosh and AppleWorks clipboards,
being able to traverse through your Macintosh hard disk (no Prodos partition
required), and macro commands to access Mac functions (like speaking text,
dialing). And if you have PCExchange (or System 7.5), it will read Apple II
3.5" disks as well. It, however, is not a generic emulator".
Mac Apple IIe Emulator (Emsrc.sit)
----------------------
AVAILABILITY: See below.
AUTHOR: Sheldon Simms <sheldon@netcom.com>.
STATUS: Source code released for public modification.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple //e emulator for 68K Macintoshes. The binhexed
Think C 7.0 code was posted to "comp.emulators.apple2" on 5 July 1995.
According to the author's accompanying message, it is an "emulator that boots
into basic. I don't have time to work on it now so I'm posting the source in
case anyone else wants to mess with it. It has a 65816 emulator (well 65802
really)...There's no documentation other than internal documentation."
ROMS: N/A.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.
FURTHER REFERENCE: None.
Stop The Madness (version 0.851r)
----------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/0.851r.sea.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/STM_0.851r.sit
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/0.851r.sea.bin
ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0851r.hqx
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/STM0.851r.sea.hqx
AUTHOR: Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> & Jim Nitchals.
STATUS: See STM v0.881r.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows
disk-swapping. Although it cannot "save" (write information to a disk
image) a small program called Save The Madness can be used simultaneously
with STM (under Multifinder or System 7), writing altered disk-image files
(see below).
ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after
decompression.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power
Macintosh models. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a picture on
"compact" (B&W) Macintoshes.
NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel
to 256-colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem
has erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with
some Macintoshes.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "docs 0.85" (DOCMaker file included in the archive), and
"docs" (DOCMaker file included in the "Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx" archive. Full
documentation for STM does not yet exist.
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx
RELATED FILES:
Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.02.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/SaveTM_1.02.sit.bin
Stop The Madness (version 0.881r)
----------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/STM_0.881r.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/STM_0.881r.sit
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/STM_0.88r.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0.881.hqx
AUTHOR: Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> & Jim Nitchals.
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows
disk-swapping. Version 0.881r (formerly known as 0.872d) is far more versatile
than the previous version; configurable "modules" allow expansion limited only
by available memory - for example, STM can support four Disk II drives.
Additionally, STM can now "save" disk-images (see below).
ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after
decompression.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), and non-standard
"pre-nibbleized". This second type is the only format the Disk II module will
save images into. From the documentation: "this format is bulkier than the
'.DSK' format, and has no cross-platform compatibility, but is more flexible,
allowing non-standard formats and 1/4 track resolution." Version 1.00 of SaveTM
(see below) is also compatible with STM 0.881r for those who prefer standard
disk-image output.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power
Macintosh models - with System 7. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a
picture on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes.
NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel
to 256-colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem
has erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with
some Macintoshes.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "STM 0.881r docs" (DOCMaker file included in the archive).
Full documentation for STM does not yet exist.
RELATED FILES:
Cassette speaker module for STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/cassettespeaker.sit.bin
Disk ][ replacement module for STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/newdisk2.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/formattingdiskII.sit
Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.00_for0.881r.sit.bin
//e CARD for Macintosh LC
-------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Commercial product.
AUTHOR: Apple Computer.
STATUS: Development ceased.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: The LC //e Card is a combination hardware/software package
which emulates an enhanced Apple IIe, accelerated to 1.9 Mhz, monochrome,
colour or inverse video, custom beep sound, RAM card, two super serial cards,
a "printer" card (spools to Chooser device), clock, SmartPort card, AppleTalk
card, Mouse card and extended 80-column card. Hardware is attached via a special
connector with ports for a 9-pin joystick and a SmartPort drive (up to two
5.25" and one 3.5"). Further installation, use and troubleshooting articles
are available from the Apple Technical Information Library (search for "iie").
http://www.info.apple.com/til.html
The software for the card is available under copyright from the Apple FTP site
(see also "Macintosh LC //e Card Software" in Chapter 3).
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx &
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx
ROMS: N/A.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. The card actually runs original software on 5.25" or
3.5" diskette, although it can be used to create disk-images for use with
other emulators.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Macintosh LC with PDS slot supporting 24-bit adressing,
including the LC, LCII, LCIII, Color Classic, Color Classic II, LC 520, LC 550,
LC 475/Quadra 605, LC 575 and the Performa 4xx and 5xx lines except the Quadra
630, LC/Performa 580 and 5200/75 LC.
FURTHER REFERENCE: N/A.
(The preceding information on the //e Card was obtained from information sent by
Ivan Drucker <drucker@lclark.edu>).
][ in a Mac
-----------
AVAILABILITY: Commercial product.
AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications
12813 Lindeley Drive
Raleigh, NC 27614
STATUS: Development ceased.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a Mac is a package which emulates an Apple //e.
Functionally, it is probably similar to it's PC counterpart, "][ in a PC" (see
below) with the following exceptions: it runs at sixty percent of the standard
//e speed (presumably on a Plus or SE), uses only a portion of the Mac
screen, has no colour support and limited graphics, no "real" joystick,
doesn't handle copy-protected software, and can create problems with keyboard
translation and modem port detection on some Macs.
ROMS: N/A.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: MacPlus or SE. Some older versions of the software didn't
run on the Mac II line. The software will not display colour even on colour
Macintosh systems.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "][inamac.txt" (Review text file on wilbur).
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/][inamac.txt
==============
Atari Platform
==============
Apple ][ A2.04
--------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc - SEE UMICH MIRRORS
ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/appleemu.arc
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/appleemu.arc
AUTHOR: Darek Mihocka.
STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: Dec. 31, 1986).
SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple ][ emulator for the Atari ST. Excerpted from the
documentation: "it can be used as a tool to learn 6502 machine language, but
also, it allows the ST to run Apple...software."
ROMS: Apple ][ does not include the necessary ROMS - they must be copied from
your Apple and titled "APPLSOFT.BIN" and "INTBASIC.BIN".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. Binary files must be transferred from the Apple ][ and
then converted using a source code program from Apple monitor hex dump into an
Atari DOS (.BIN) format.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Atari ST with 512K, colour or monochrome.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "EMULATOR.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).
=================
IBM-PC - Linux OS
=================
Apple ][+ Emulator for Linux (version 0.01)
----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/apple2-v001.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple2-emul-v001-linux.tar
ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/util/emulators/apple2.tar.gz
(v0.00 was distributed under the filename: "apple2.tar.gz").
AUTHOR: Alexander Bottema <d91a1bo@meryl.csd.uu.se>.
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: "It is partly written in 386 (AT&T) assembler and partly
in C. You can switch diskettes using a diskette database through an intuitive
interface. Furthermore, it is possible to trim the speed of the emulator and
it runs in full speed (approximately) twice as fast as an standard Apple II+
on a 486DX-50...[It uses] the svgalib's key scancodes. I've also taken the
opportunity to implement the undocumented 6502 instructions. I've noticed that
at least two games use these undocumented instrucions; Bug Attack and MS
Pacman. Currently I have transfered about 40 diskettes to my emulator and all
programs/games seem to work" (from a post on comp.emulators.apple2).
NOTE: The Apple ][ emulator at "sunsite.unc.edu" (/pub/Linux/system/
Emulators/apple2.tar.Z) is not part of this emulator's distribution. This is
actually a copy of Peter Koch's emulator (see "apple2.tar.Z" in the Unix/NeXT
section below).
ROMS: Unknown.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: (from the original post) Kernel 1.0 and above,
SVGAlib 1.06 but below 1.08, and libc 4.4.4 and greater.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive).
(Thanks to the author for his e-mail on the subject).
=================
IBM-PC - MSDOS OS
=================
Applemu (Apple Emu)
-------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/applemu.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/applemu.zip
AUTHOR: Unknown.
STATUS: Further development ceased.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Applemu emulates a 48K Apple ][+, and allows disk-
swapping. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk from within
the emulator. An option to write protect the disk-image being loaded into
either drive is offered. The function keys control disk-swapping routines.
Unfortunately, most of the more advanced Apple software requires a 64K machine,
and thus will not load on Applemu. The Apple ROMs are stored in "APPLBIOS.COM".
NOTE: To run Intbasic programs, get the "INTBASIC.COM" file from wilbur,
rename "APPLBIOS.COM" as "FPBASIC.COM", and then rename "INTBASIC.COM" as
"APPLBIOS.COM".
ROMS: Applemu comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use
after decompression.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (recommended) - according to
the documentation, any PC with "128K memory, DOS 2.0 or greater", although on a
4.77 MHZ 8088 it takes almost a minute to boot a disk.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The
"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of
information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use
with it.
RELATED FILES:
INTBASIC.COM - File containing the Integer Basic language for Apple Emu.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/intbasic.com
Apl2Em
------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em.zip
ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/apl2em.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apl2em.zip
AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock <randys@gocart.eng.hou.compaq.com>.
STATUS: See Apl2Em-2.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em emulates a 64K Apple][+, but does not allow disk-
swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-
disk from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all
of the 64K multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load
two disks (D1 and D2).
ROMS: Apl2Em comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use
after decompression. The disk-drive controller ROMs are stored in "DISK.ROM"
and the Apple ROMs in "APPLE.ROM".
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly
on a monochrome monitor).
FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The
"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of
information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use
with it.
RELATED FILES:
Appjoy - Modified executable for Apl2Em by Dan Wolfsond <wolfsond@cse.fau.edu>,
which replaces the numeric joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/appjoy.zip
Apl2Em-2 (Apl2Em v2)
--------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em-2.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em-2.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apl2em-2.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apple2-emulator-v2.zip
AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock <randys@gocart.eng.hou.compaq.com>.
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-2 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, but does not allow disk-
swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-
disk from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all
of the 64K multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load
two disks (D1 and D2).
NOTE: Some people have found a way to "swap" disk-image files whilst
the emulator is running by using the multi-tasking abilities of Windows or
OS/2. It would be a case of moving the "SYSTEM.DSK" file (or whatever the
default DSK name is for D1) out of the A2EM directory and replacing it with
a subsequent disk (also titled "SYSTEM.DSK"). A routine to handle disk-
swapping under OS/2 is available (see below).
ROMS: Apl2Em-2 does not come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs. The missing
ROMs are the disk-drive ROMs ("FLOPPY.ROM") and main Apple ROMs ("APPLE.ROM")
- these ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures
in the "dumping-ROMs" text file on wilbur. You don't really need the Serial
ROMs to use Apl2Em-2 - just edit the "APPLE.INI" file at Slot 1 to read
"Type=Empty".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly
on a monochrome monitor).
FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The
"emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator
as well as converting disk-image files for us with it.
RELATED FILES:
Apl2em2f - A routine to handle disk-swapping for Apl2Em-2 under OS/2.
ftp://frmap711.mathp7.jussieu.fr/pub/scratch/rideau/misc/apple2/apl2em2f.zip
CAPPLE v2.0 - Routines released by Scott Crow <corvus@am.ucsc.edu> which replace
the keyboard joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick routine, as well as a
speed delay.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/capple-v2.zip
Lowercase - Activate the full lowercase features of the Apple's character ROM
on the ][+ emulator, with a hex editor, APPLE.ROM and the simple instructions in
this file! From Rich Williamson <glitch@eskimo.com>.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apl-lower.txt
Apl2Em-3 (Apl2Em v3)
--------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em-3.zip
AUTHOR: Tew Neal T. <loopy@bert.cs.byu.edu> (based on Apl2Em by Randy Spurlock).
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-3 emulates a 64K Apple][+ (see Apl2Em-2 above for
details). New items added are: adjustable emulator speed, disk-switching, mixed
low resolution and text mode, a fix for low resolution colours, improved high
resolution graphics and joystick support.
ROMS: Apl2Em-3 comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use
after decompression. The disk-drive ROMs are stored in "FLOPPY.ROM", the Apple
ROMs in "APPLE.ROM" and the serial ROMs in "SERIAL.ROM".
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly
on a monochrome monitor).
FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The
"emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator
as well as converting disk-image files for us with it.
Apple ][+ Emulator
------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl6502.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apl6502.zip
AUTHOR: Steven E. Hugg <hugg@cs.fsu.edu>.
STATUS: Development ceased.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple ][+ Emulator is a partially-completed project with a
number of bugs.
ROMS: Apple ][+ Emulator does not include the necessary ROMs. The ROMs
required are: Apple ROM ("ROM.DAT") and the disk controller ROM ("DABOOT.DAT").
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "6502.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).
AppleUni (version 2.4)
--------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apluni24.zip
Older versions as below:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apluni21.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apluni19.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apluni19.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apluni10.zip
AUTHOR: Andrew J. Kroll <ag784@freenet.buffalo.edu> (based on code by Randy
Spurlock).
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleUni emulates an Apple ][+; it supports all Apple video
modes except mixed mode with four lines of text below the graphics, has a 32K
language card and allows saving to disk-images. Mixed text/graphics, IIe
emulation with 80 column card and hard-drive emulation are planned for future
releases.
ROMS: Later versions of AppleUni come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and are
ready for use after decompression. The ROMs included (or required) are: Apple
ROM (IIP.IMG), disk controller ROM (DSK.IMG) and the super serial card ROM
(SER.IMG).
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 8088 cpu with CGA graphics (minimum), EGA or VGA
recommended ("the only emulator that will run on an XT, and that fully emulates
Apple's Super Serial Card!" - from "APPLEUNI.DOC").
FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLEUNI.DOC", "HISTORY.DOC" and "APPLUNI.FAQ" (Text files
included with the archive).
SimIIe (SimSystem IIe v1.0)
------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/simiie.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/sim2e.zip
NOTE: SimIIe is Shareware for ten days;
registration costs $50 (US) + $6 shipping.
American Research Inc.
2120 Deercreek Rd.
Simi Valley, CA 93065.
AUTHOR: Jim Sproul.
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: SimIIe emulates a 128K Apple//c, using "clean-room" ROMs.
It allows disk-swapping and saving to a disk-image - in short, is does just
about everything: 80 columns, parallel printer adaptor, FOUR simulated disk-
drives (5 1/4, 3 1/2 and ProDOS hard-drives), real joystick routines and
more! On the negative side, this emulator is extremely slow.
ROMS: N/A (Apple ROMs are not used in this emulator).
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: SimIIe (IIe - size: 143390 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics, 80486 recommended.
SimIIe will not work on 8086, 8088 or V20 microprocessors, and is not
compatible with Microsoft Windows (it cannot be run as a DOS task).
FURTHER REFERENCES: "SIMIIE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).
RELATED FILES:
PATSIM2E - A patched version of the SimIIe executable, for computers which
hang after pressing "R" in the configuration screen, giving a black screen.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/patsim2e.zip
SIM2DU10 - Utilities for SimIIe released by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu>.
These include .IIE and .HDV creation programs and a single file transfer
utility. Source code included.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/sim2du10.zip
][ in a PC
----------
AVAILABILITY: Commercial product.
AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications
12813 Lindeley Drive
Raleigh, NC 27614
STATUS: Development ceased.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a PC is a package which emulates an unenhanced Apple
//e, including all necessary utility programs for transferring Apple II software
bidirectionally between an Apple II and IBM compatible computer. The emulator
includes 128K memory, serial and parallel outputs, two 5.25" drives, two 3.5"
drives, ProDOS hard-disk, 40/80 column text, full colour HiRes/LoRes graphics,
joystick support, and Applesoft compatible BASIC.
ROMS: N/A.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics/Apple ][+ or greater with
serial card.
FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A.
(The preceding information on ][ in a PC was obtained from a review compiled by
Arthur A. Luna <netcoking@aol.com>).
===================
IBM-PC - Windows OS
===================
Apple II Emulator for Windows (v1.10)
-----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Shareware, distributed from:
Public (software) Library
P.O. Box 35705
Houston, TX 77235-5705
Use program name: Apple II Emulator for Windows
and item number #11972
Public (software) Library requires a small fee covering the
cost of the disk, plus shipping.
AUTHOR: Teodor Angeloff.
STATUS: Development in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Apple II Emulator for Windows emulates an Apple //e,
with 6502 and Z80 microprocessors, an 80-column card, Disk II drives and fixed
disks, realtime clock, joystick and Apple II mouse, amongst other things.
ROMS: Unknown.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80386, 80486 or better running Windows 3.1 (estimated).
FURTHER REFERENCES: Unknown.
AppleWin (version 2)
--------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/aplwinb2.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/aplwinb2.zip
AUTHOR: Michael O'Brien <mobrien@netcom.com>.
STATUS: Beta testing in progress.
SHORT DESCRIPTION:
AppleWin is a 32-bit Windows program which emulates a "Platinum" model enhanced
Apple //e with 128k RAM. It supports all video modes, including double
high-res and mixed mode. It plays sound through a sound card (preferred) or
the PC speaker. It supports emulating an Apple joystick using the PC keyboard,
joystick, or mouse. It allows saving to disk images and on-the-fly swapping of
disk images.
There are two versions of AppleWin, both included in the ZIP file:
applew31.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 3.1 or Windows for
Workgroups. You must also install the Win32s 32-bit
extensions, which are available from the same FTP site.
applewin.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 95 or Windows NT.
It is recommended that you switch your video card to 256-color mode for best
performance when running AppleWin. If you are having trouble using AppleWin
with your video driver, or trouble formatting disks under AppleWin, obtain and
install "patch2.zip" which is available from the same FTP site.
If you do not have a joystick driver for Windows, you can obtain "ibmjoy.zip"
from the FTP site. Remember to calibrate your joystick using the Windows
Contol Panel before using it in AppleWin.
By default, AppleWin controls its emulation speed so that it runs exactly as
fast as a real Apple //e. If you would like for it to run as fast as possible
on your system, click on the Configuration button (on the bottom) and turn off
the "control system speed" option.
ROMS: AppleWin comes with the necessary Apple ][+ and //e ROMs, stored in
"APPLE2.ROM" and "APPLE2E.ROM".
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3, ProDOS and nibblized orders (auto-detecting).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80486 or better running Windows 95, Windows NT 3.5, or
Windows 3.1 (Windows 3.1 requires Win32s).
FURTHER REFERENCES: "README.TXT" (Text file included in the archive). Online
help available from within AppleWin.
(Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. -
Alex)
RELATED FILES:
IBMJOY - Joystick driver which replaces the emulated number-pad joystick.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/ibmjoy.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/ibmjoy.zip
Replacement patches for Applewin - fixes some video driver/disk formatting
problems.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/patch2.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/patch2.zip
==================
UNIX/NeXT Platform
==================
Apple2
------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/apple2.tar.gz
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/apple2.tar.Z - SEE MIRRORS
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/apple2.tar.Z
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/apple2.tar.gz
AUTHOR: Peter Koch <koch@informatik.uni-kl.de>.
STATUS: Development in progress. Contact Peter Koch
<koch@informatik.uni-kl.de> for more information.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Emulates an Apple ][ or ][+ with 64k. Supports disk
swapping. Any disk, which is copyable with COPYA or FILER can be used as
disk image. Supports 40 column text, 80 column text (videx emulation),
lores, hires and mixed modes.
ROMS: Apple2 does not come with the necessary ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix/X Windows. Since the emulator is completely
written in C, it is very slow. You'll need a very fast machine (and a very
fast X-Terminal).
FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide
contains information on this emulator. There is some more documentation in
the tar-archive.
RELATED FILES:
Emulating - Discussion by Peter Koch on how he built his emulator.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/emulating.txt
(Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. -
Alex)
Apple2Emul
----------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/Apple2Emul.tar.Z
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/Apple2Emul.tar.gz
STATUS: Unknown.
AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta <skrenta@pbm.com>.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2Emul is an emulator for Unix. Requires compiling
(C source code).
ROMS: Unknown.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple2Emul.readme" and "a2.readme" (Text files included
in the archive).
Apple2e
-------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks)
AUTHOR: Randy Frank <randy@tessa.iaf.uiowa.edu>.
STATUS: Unknown.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2e emulates a 128K Apple //e, with an 80 column card
in slot 3 and a combination of cards in slots 5, 6 and 7. Requires compiling
(C source code).
ROMS: Apple2e requires ROMs copied from an Enhanced //e ONLY! and a copy of
the PRODOS file from a bootable ProDOS disk. These should be binary files
named "CDROM" and "PRODOS" respectively.
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). The "aii.docs" text
file contains a short program for creating disk-images on the Apple for use
with the emulator.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "aii.docs" (Text file included in the archive), and the
"emua2e.docs" text file. The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions"
guide contains information on this emulator.
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emua2e.docs
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emua2e.docs
a2
--
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/a2.tar.Z
AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta <skrenta@pbm.com>; additions by Mat Hostetter
<mjhostet@athena.mit.edu>.
STATUS: Unknown.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: a2 appeas to be an adaptation of Rich Skrenta's emulator
code, for NeXT step. Fast hi-res graphics support added by Mat Hostetter using
WozView. Requires compiling (C source code).
ROMS: a2 does not include the necessary ROMs. The "SNARF" document contains
instructions on how to get a copy of the Apple ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown (size: 215040 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT.
FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" and "NOTES" (Text files included in the archive).
][+ Simulator
-------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/II+simulator.tar.Z
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/II+simulator.tar.gz
AUTHOR: Ben Koning <ben@apple.com>.
STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: 1989).
SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][+ Simulator emulates a Apple ][+. Requires compiling (C
source code).
ROMS: ][+ Simulator does not include the necessary ROMs; they need to be
provided in the form of four binary files titled "APPLESOFT.ROM,
"AUTOSTART.ROM", "INTEGER.ROM" and "MONITOR.ROM".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unix binaries.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix machine.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" and "README2" (Text files included with the
archive).
XApple2+ (version 1.0)
--------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/xapple2+.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emulator.tar.Z
AUTHOR: Philip J. Stephens <philip@labtam.oz.au>.
STATUS: Unknown.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple ][ emulator which supports disk-image swapping and
joystick emulation. Requires compiling (C source code).
ROMS: XApple2+ does not include the necessary Apple and disk-controller ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard. Includes a utility named "convertdisk" to
transfer disk-images from .dsk and .bin (MacBinary) format to low-level
nibblised format.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Medium-performance Sun SparcStation IPX or Sun
SparcServer 1000, using a X terminal with 100,000+ XStones of performance.
FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" (Text file included in the archive).
zaniWok
-------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/zaniWok.tar.Z
AUTHOR: Mat Hostetter <mjhostet@athena.mit.edu>.
STATUS: Development in progress. Check the mailing list (email
<na2sig-request@byu-ed>).
SHORT DESCRIPTION: zaniWok emulates a 128K Apple //e, with 40/80 columns,
all graphics modes, and a lot more. Requires compiling (C source code).
ROMS: zaniWok does not include the necessary ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), ProDOS Order (PO),
and raw disk-images.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT.
FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide
contains information on this emulator (and the modifications to the DO
disk-images).
===
YAE
===
Excerpted from a message from Doug Kwan (thanks for the e-mail! - Alex):
"The name of the emulator is now YAE (Yet another Apple ][ Emulator) though the
virtual machine for the XXX platform is still called apple2.XXX. Sources of the
basic emulator (w/o the compiler), is now available at HKU and wilbur. The
file 'yae.tar.gz' is a compressed tar file containing the source codes."
From a post by Doug Kwan on "comp.emulators.apple2" (6 Aug 1994):
>****************************************************************************
>For people not reading comp.emulators.apple2:
>
>YAE is an Apple ][ emulator written especially for RISC based workstations
>running Unix with X. The Sun and SGI versions of YAE have
>run-time code generators tranlating on-the-fly 6502 machine code
>into SPARC or MIPS RISC machine code respectively. The software is currently
>under development and needs testers. I simple document README.apple2.sparc
>is available from wilbur.stanford.edu via anonymous ftp. The file is in
>the directory /pub/emulators/apple2/incoming. It is also available through
>my WWW home page. (See below)
>****************************************************************************
>
>I have just ported the run-time code generator to the MIPS architecture.
>As usual, I would like voluteers to try the new version of YAE for SGI
>workstations and give me feed back. The new SGI version has been tested
>on an Indigo XS 24, an Indigo XZ 4000 and a Crimson, all running IRIX
>4.0.5. I would appreciate if someone test this on an Indy, a Indigo2
>an Onyx or any other SGI machines other than the ones I tried.
>The compressed binary is available at wilbur, look for the file
>
> /pub/emulators/apple2/incoming/apple2.mips.gz
>
>Alternatively, it is also available through my home page
>
> URL http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan or
> URL http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
>
>The non-graphics performance of YAE SGI is satisfactory. On an Indigo XZ 4000,
>(R4000) the effective clock speed is ~ 2.5Mhz whereas that on an Indigo XS 24
>(R3000) is ~ 1.5Mhz. Graphics of YAE still needs improvement. Action games is
>playable on most SGI's but the speed is slower than a real Apple for very
>graphics extensive games. For games with medium graphics workload like
>Lode-runner or One-on-One. The emulator run at 90% to above 100% of a
>real Apple on an Indigo XZ 4000. YAE SGI also support 16KHz sampling sound
>emulation on most SGI's I've tested.
>
>Since last week, I have been asked by people where to get the necessary ROM
>images and whether I could give them away. If you are not a regular reader of
>comp.emulators.apple2, get and read the FAQ list of comp.emulators.apple2.
>The FAQ list contains all you need to know about ROM images.
>
>Cheers
>
>-Doug
Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.dec.gz"
-----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apple2.dec.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.dec.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.
STATUS: Under development.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: DEC version of the emulator.
ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: DEC.
FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.
Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.ibm.gz"
-----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apple2.ibm.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.ibm.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.
STATUS: Under development.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2:
"In addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to
wilbur. I have just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics
workstations and IBM RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files
are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun
versions do not have a compiler built in but games are very playable with
medium fast to very fast workstations. Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI
version runs almost native on an R4000 indigo and run faster than a real
Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version supports audio."
ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: IBM RS6000/PowerPC workstations running AIX 2.3.
FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.
Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.mips.gz"
-----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apple2.mips.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.mips.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.
STATUS: Under development.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2:
"In addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to
wilbur. I have just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics
workstations and IBM RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files
are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun
versions do not have a compiler built in but games are very playable with
medium fast to very fast workstations. Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI
version runs almost native on an R4000 indigo and run faster than a real
Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version supports audio."
ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Silicon Graphics Iris Indigo (R3000/R4000), Crimson,
Indigo2, Indigo2 Extreme running Irix 4.0.X.
FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.
Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.sparc.gz"
-----------------------------
AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/apple2.sparc.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.sparc.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.
STATUS: Under development.
SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2.sparc is an emulator still in the testing stage. It
translates on-the-fly 6502 machine codes into SPARC equivalents. Only one slot
6 disk-drive is supported, although the emulator can write to the disk-images.
Check the README file for further emulator specifications. The Apple ROMs
are not provided; they must be copied into two binary files named "APPLE.ROM"
and "DISK.ROM". Only the Sun version supports run-time code generation.
ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom
DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Sun SPARC's running SunOS 4.X and Solaris (SunOS 5.X).
FURTHER REFERENCES: The "README.apple2.sparc" document contains basic
information on this emulator.
==================
HINDENBURG PROJECT
==================
From a post by Tony Morales on "comp.emulators.apple" (15 Sep 1995):
>I am pleased to announce the Hindenburg project. Hindenburg is the code name
>for a forthcoming, software-based Apple IIgs emulator. Upon completion,
>virtually all existing Apple IIgs software will run, without modification, on
>non-Apple II computers. Hindenburg is designed to execute on Macintosh
>systems equipped with a high-performance 680x0, or a PowerPC-based,
>microprocessor.
>
>For the latest up-to-date information on the Hindenburg project, please visit
>the official Hindenburg web site. The URL is as follows:
>
>ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/index.html
>
>If you do not have access to the World Wide Web, or if you would prefer to
>receive some Hindenburg literature via E-mail, please send a request to one of
>the following addresses:
>
>GEnie: hexman
>Internet: <hexman@netcom.com>
>
>Permission is hereby granted to distribute the preceding text, in it's
>unmodified form. The Hindenburg project is copyright (C) 1995 by Tony Morales.
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/hindenburg/announcement
faq: "The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.0"
by Tony Morales <hexman@netcom.com>.
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/hindenburg/faq
==============================
VirtualGS(tm) EMULATOR PROJECT
==============================
The latest information on the state of this new project can be found in the
"VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" FAQ:
Related newsgroup : comp.emulators.apple2
Related FTP site : ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs [Home site]
vGS Home Page : http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html
For more information: <jered@mit.edu> [Jered Floyd]
OR <jered@vorlon.mit.edu>, <root@vorlon.mit.edu>
http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/jered.html
!!!WATCH COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS!!!
********
VirtualGS(tm) Project -- PROGRAMMER DIRECTORY -- Last revision: 8/16/94
Name Address, Comments
----------------- -----------------
Jered Floyd <jered@mit.edu>
/ I'm organizing the thing! :-)
Kevin Bell <kbell@cs.utexas.edu>
/
Joe LoCicero (IV) <jolo@joyce.eng.yale.edu>
/ OS/2 Team leader & Our friendly FTP site admin
Thomas Dorris twdorr01@draconis.spd.louisville.edu
/
Philip Stephens <philip@xview.labtam.OZ.AU>
/
Adam Goldman <adamg9@aol.com>
/ The parallel port GS drive designer. How's that coming?
Gal Kaminka <galk@tovna.co.il>
/
Michael Ko <vincie@cs.jhu.edu>
/
FranÁois-Ren'e Rideau <rideau@ens.fr>
/
Scott Crow <corvus@cats.ucsc.edu>
/
Peter Koch <koch@rhein.informatik.uni-kl.de>
/
Paul Holcomb <pholcomb@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu>
/
Eric Shepard <uerics@mcl.mcl.ucsb.edu>
/
Chris Wood <ccw@ctt.bellcore.com>
/
Paul Schultz <schultp@aa.wl.com>
/
---------
Platforms Lang.
--------- -----
Name Win X11 Linux
DOS MAC OS/2 Amiga C Asm
-----------------
Jered Floyd X X X X X X
Kevin Bell X X X
Joe LoCicero (IV) X X X
Thomas Dorris X X
Philip Stephens X X
Adam Goldman X X
Gal Kaminka X X X X
Michael Ko X
FranÁois-Ren'e Rideau X X X X
Scott Crow X X X X
Peter Koch X
Paul Holcomb X X X X
Eric Shepard X X
Chris Wood X X
Paul Schultz X X
-----------------------------------------------------
15 Names 8 4 4 6 1 2 0 12 5
-----------
Module
------
Name ROM Mem Input Timer Periph
Address, Comments CPU Disk Video Sound Kern Load
-----------------
Jered Floyd X X X X X X X X X X X
Kevin Bell X X X X X X X X X X X
Joe LoCicero (IV) X X X X X
Thomas Dorris X
Philip Stephens X X X
Adam Goldman X X X
Gal Kaminka X X X X X
Michael Ko X
FranÁois-Ren'e Rideau X X X X
Scott Crow X X X X X X X X X X X
Peter Koch X X X
Paul Holcomb X X X X
Eric Shepard X X
Chris Wood X X X X X X X
Paul Schultz X X X X
------------------------------------------------------
15 Names 11 7 10 6 6 4 4 5 9 6 7
*******************************************************************************
3) Emulator resources
=============================
EMULATOR & RELATED FILE SITES
=============================
AMIGA
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/ (128.255.200.3)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/ (36.14.0.36)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/ (146.228.10.15) & MIRRORS
APPLE MACINTOSH
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/ (138.23.90.119)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/ (36.14.0.36)
ATARI
ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/ (141.211.120.11) & MIRRORS
ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/ (130.59.1.40)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/ (128.252.135.4)
IBM-PC (DOS, MS Windows & Linux)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ (128.255.200.3)
ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/ (137.111.1.11)
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/ (198.86.40.81) & MIRRORS
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/ (36.14.0.36)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95)
UNIX
ftp://ftp.cco.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/8bit/emulators/ (131.215.48.49) & MIRRORS
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/sgi/ (129.69.18.15)
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/ (36.14.0.36)
===========================
DISK-IMAGE & SOFTWARE SITES
===========================
A NOTE ABOUT DISK-IMAGES - Like the Apple ][ ROMs, disk-images are duplicates
of copyrighted material; as a result, few FTP sites feel that they can
legally maintain copies of such software. However, from a commercial point of
view, the majority of said software is no longer for sale (notable exceptions
include the Ultima and Infocom series) and most of the companies themselves no
longer exist. Basically, the software in it's original format would not be
commercially viable EXCEPT to the emulator market, but the Apple ][ community
still exists to a greater extent than the C64 and Spectrum platforms (which
both possess FTP sites of disk-image software) so the capacity to transfer
disk-images BACK to the Apple computer is seen as a possible source of
software piracy. Some Apple ][ software has been released into the public
domain, is free or Shareware (as indicated below): these include the Eamon
adventure series amongst others. Most of this type of software is, however,
not in disk-image format and can be found on the FTP sites below.
FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE/OTHER (disk-image format)
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/PublicDomain/ (138.23.90.119)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/disks.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/disk_images/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/DiskImages/ (36.14.0.36)
FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE (non disk-image format)
(see also Q#4 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions")
ftp://ccosun.cco.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ (131.215.48.151)
ftp://ionews.io.org/pub/apple/ (198.133.36.6)
ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/apple2/ (192.48.96.9)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/apple2/ (128.252.135.4)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/ (128.255.200.3)
OFFICIAL APPLE SOFTWARE (incl. MACINTOSH LC //e CARD SOFTWARE):
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/ (130.43.2.3)
Apple ][/IIGS/Macintosh system software, tools and information.
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx &
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/utils/diskcopy-4-2.hqx
Requires Apple's "Disk Copy" application to read master disk-images and write
them to 1.44Mb disks.
==================================
MISCELLANEOUS SOFTWARE INFORMATION
==================================
(i) Products
Golden Orchard (Apple II CD-ROM) - Primary focus is on the IIGS.
"It contains over 600 megabytes of files useful to Apple II owners, including
tons of freeware, shareware, utilities, games, graphics, sounds, music, source
code, and much more...[it] can be fully accessed on a Mac or Apple IIGS
equipped with CD-ROM drive. (Apple IIe owners can access the ProDOS partition
only.)" ProDOS and (Mac) HFS partitioned (not PC-compatible). Information and
purchase details available from sites below:
email: <digisoft@hypermall.com>
http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~jagaroth/digisoft/orchard.html
(ii) Games
Bilestoad - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to
the Macintosh.
http://www.continuumsi.com/~marc/bilestoad.html
Br¯derbund (Lode Runner Fan Site, new levels for LR Classic and The Legend
Returns, Macintosh conversion utilities - might be of some use to the 8-bit
version of the game).
ftp://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/loderunner/ (147.188.68.4)
Infocom (Adventure series information, solutions, compilers, new ports). The
compilers are Inform, which produce Infocom story files. IF-archive stands
for Interactive Fiction Archive.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/infocom/ (129.26.8.84)
usenet: rec.arts.int-fiction
usenet: rec.games.int-fiction
Lord British/Origin (Non-official Ultima homepage, walkthroughs, maps, cracks).
http://www.why.com/ultima/
usenet: alt.games.ultima
Scott Adams (Adventure series solutions).
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/scott-adams/ (129.26.8.84)
Ultima Dragons Internet Chapter - UDIC. Social club whose members share the
common interest of the Ultima series.
http://www.why.com/ultima/dragons/
ftp://havoc.why.com/pub/ud/ (130.207.150.33)
usenet: alt.games.ultima.dragons
Ultima III - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to
the Macintosh.
http://www.swcp.com/~beastie/ultima3.html
(iii) Services
Software deprotection tips (by Zelix).
ftp://ftp.stolaf.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/a2tips.txt (130.71.128.9)
Solutions (mainly for newer games, but occasional Apple ][/C64 games - mostly
adventures - are listed. Especially in the "unknown" sections :-) ).
http://wcl-rs.bham.ac.uk/~djh/index.html (The Games Domain)
http://www.et.ee/spoiler/ (The Spoiler's Centre)
SPAG (Society for the Preservation of Adventure Games) is an e-mail zine
dedicated to (mainly) text adventures. Apple ][ and compatible format games
are listed/reviewed.
email: G. Kevin Wilson <whizzard@uclink.berkeley.edu> - subscriptions
http://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/faqs/SPAG.faq - FAQ
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/magazines/SPAG/ (129.26.8.84) - back issues
USoX (Used Software Exchange) is a marketplace for buying and selling used
software. Software for a variety of platforms is supported, including the
Apple ][.
http://www.hyperion.com/usx/index.html
==============
WORLD WIDE WEB
==============
APPLE ][ & RELATED EMULATOR WWW PAGES:
http://geta.life.uiuc.edu/~badger/apple2.html
Jonathan Badger's Apple ][ emulator page.
http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/Emulation/Apple.html
Information on Apple ][ and Macintosh emulators.
http://www.uruk.org/emu/main.html
Emulation software R&D, links to Personal Computing and Emulation page. Main
applicability to Apple platform is information on Macintosh emulators.
http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/Technology/AppleUsersGroup/NSAUG.html
The Nova Scotia Apple Users Group. Links to technical information on the
Apple ][ series, Apple ][ FTP sites and other Apple groups online.
http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~nathan/apl2.resource.html
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/handel/a2.html
General Apple ][ information and resources, links to other related pages.
http://www.apple.com/
Apple Computer.
http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~nathan/a2stuff/companies.html
The Apple ][ Companies page. So far, Procyon, Sequential Systems, KPL Systems,
Digisoft, The Byte Works, and more have things there.
http://www.hypermall.com/byteworks/ (The Byte Works page)
=============
USENET GROUPS
=============
EMULATOR NEWSGROUPS:
usenet: alt.binaries.emulators
usenet: alt.emulators
usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc
usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2 (*)
usenet: comp.emulators
usenet: comp.emulators.announce
usenet: comp.emulators.apple2 (*)
usenet: comp.emulators.cbm
usenet: comp.emulators.misc (*)
usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows
usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine
usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulation
usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulations (*)
(* = groups which usually feature some Apple ][ discussion)
SOME GROUPS WILL NOT BE CARRIED BY ALL NEWS-SERVERS!
===================
GENERAL INFORMATION
===================
APPLE ][ "FSP" SITE:
The A2 Site address is: 134.184.15.12 2424
APPLE /// INFORMATION:
faq: "THE APPLE /// FAQ FILE" by David Ottalini
<dave.ottalini@pro-applepi.wap.org>.
ftp://names.wvu.edu/pub/apple3/ (157.182.140.2)
mailing list: to subscribe, send e-mail to <listserv@wvnvm.wvnet.edu> with a
first line reading "subscribe APPLE3-L YourName". The list address is
<apple3-l@wvnvm.wvnet.edu>. Maintainer: <jfritz@wvnvm.wvnet.edu>.
*******************************************************************************
4) Compression techniques
The list of extensions below will indicate what format the compression or
translation is; from there refer to the "compression" document for cross-
platform applications or executables. For Apple ][ compression formats (which
are not covered here) check Q#5-9 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently
Asked Questions".
ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/doc/pcnet/compression (128.174.5.61)
.arc Arc (Amiga/Atari) - transfer as a binary file [DArj/TEXT]
.arj Arj (PC) - transfer as a binary file [arc@/TEXT]
* .bin BinHex 5.0/MacBinary (Mac) - transfer as a binary file [BnHq/TEXT]
.cpt Compact Pro (Mac) - transfer as a binary file [CPCT/PACT]
# .gz GNU Zip (Unix) - transfer as a binary file [Gzip/Gzip]
* .hqx BinHex 4.0 (Mac) - transfer as a text file [BNHQ/TEXT]
.lha LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file [LARC/LHA_]
.lzh LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file [LARC/LARC]
$ .shk ShrinkIt archive (Apple ][ format containing files or a disk-image)
.sit StuffIt Lite/Deluxe (Mac) - transfer as a binary file [SIT!/SITD]
.tar TAR/Tape ARchive (Unix) - transfer as a binary file [TAR_/TARF]
* .uue Uuencode/Uudecode (PC/Unix) - transfer as a text file [JeFF/TEXT]
# .Z Compress (Unix) - transfer as a binary file [LZIV/ZIVU]
.zip PK Zip (PC) - transfer as a binary file [ZIP_/pZIP]
.zoo Zoo (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file [Booz/ZOO_]
[Square brackets] denote Macintosh file creator/type information (_ = space).
* These formats are translators; uuencoding (.uue) and binhexing (.hqx) are
used to convert binary files into text files so that they can be posted to a
binary newsgroup or e-mailed. The BinHex 5.0 format (.bin) is Macintosh-
specific; it is used to append the file/type creator information to the file
in the first 128 bytes. Although emulators such as AppleWin can read disks with
the MacBinary header, for compatibility with other emulators it is often better
to remove the header. On the PC, use "bin2dsk" or "mactopc".
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/bin2dsk.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/mactopc.exe
# These formats are single-file compressors - the other compressors on the list
compress AND archive. Consequently, .Z and .gz are often used in conjunction
with other archivers, primarily Tar (.tar), resulting in the following:
"filename.tar.gz" or "filename.tar.Z". Usually easier to remove on a Unix
platform prior to download (use "uncompress" or "gzip" to extract).
$ Okay, so I said I wasn't going to cover Apple ][ formats... Grab "Nulib" for
the PC or Unix to extract shrunk disk-images from this type of archive (usually
shown by .SDK rather than .SHK). For Macintosh users, EGO Systems are making
available a commercial product called "Shrink II" which can create/extract
NuFX/ShrinkIt archives and other Apple II formats. Due out around October for
US$39.95. Additionally, Matthew Russotto <russotto@pond.com> compiled "A2dearc",
a Macintosh archiver for .SHK, .QQ and .HQX files.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/nulib.zip (PC version)
ftp://ftp.cco.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/A2dearc.gz
IMPORTANT NOTE: Where a filename possesses two or more extensions (eg.
"filename.tar.gz" or "filename.sit.hqx") ALWAYS download the file according
to the LAST extension (ie. if the last extension is .uue then it is safe to
download it as text). If in doubt, download it as a BINARY file. When
processing, start at the LAST extension and work inwards. Remember, if using
a PC, it is only possible to have one extension visible in the filename at
a time.
To find out more about compression in detail, try the "comp.compression.faq".
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_1_3)
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_2_3)
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_3_3)
*******************************************************************************
5) Creating/extracting disk-images
Eager PC-owners have no doubt turned quickly to this section to learn how to
read Apple ][ disks in their 5.25" drives... Well, you can't. Basically, PC
drives and Apple drives use different encoding techniques. Check out Part 1,#11
in "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide for more information.
Owners of Amiga 5.25" drives can read Apple ][ (and Commodore 64) disks (see
below).
To create disk-images on an Apple ][ requires more than just the computer
and 5.25" drive. Any model prior to a //C or IIGS will additionally require a
serial card, and all models require a modem and/or null modem cable. A 3.5"
drive, RAM disk, hard-disk or network drive is also recommended since whole
disk-images cannot be stored on 5.25" floppies, although segmentation programs
are available (see below).
MAKING STANDARD DISK-IMAGES
There are three primary methods (and associated software) which can be
used to create and transfer disk-images from an Apple ][ (of any
persuasion) to the required platform (Amiga, Macintosh or IBM-PC). To
transfer ROMs or text files (or indeed any file from an Apple ][), just
substitute those files in place of the disk-images in the following examples.
For Apple ][/IIGS compatibility on the Apple end (3.5" drives, using Macintosh
disks on the IIGS, etc.) check Q#37-45 in Part 2 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 -
Frequently Asked Questions".
(i) A must for anyone creating disk-images is "DSK2FILE 2.0" by Ron Kneusel
<rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu>, which contains a small Applesoft Basic/Binary
program which MUST be saved/compiled under ProDOS. When run on an Apple ]]
the program will read the contents of a 5.25" (unprotected) disk and
write them to a specified path (this can be into your Apple's RAM, or onto an
800K ProDOS 3.5" disk, etc.) as a disk-image. Alternatively, use a Macintosh
LC which has the IIE card attached (once again using the "ProDOS File System"
extension). Place your 5.25" disk into the attached drive and use the "dsk2file"
program under the emulator, this time specifying either the Macintosh hard-
drive, RAM, or the 3.5" floppy as the path. From there, take the ProDOS 800K
disk and insert it into a Macintosh running either the "ProDOS File System"
extension, System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting software) or use Apple File
Exchange. Then, it is a relatively simple matter to either transfer the file to
the PC (see below) or set the File Type and Creator (DSK5/A2EM) information for
the Macintosh emulator STM.
Amiga owners with an Amiga 1020 5.25" disk-drive (or equivalent) can use
"Disk2File" by Ron Menelli <menelli@uiuc.edu> to read unprotected Apple 5.25"
disks and create a standard disk-image. A 40 track drive is recommended,
although 80 track drives are supported. There MAY be problems with drive-speed
reading Apple ][ disks; this can be adjusted following instructions
appearing in the "1541.doc" file ("1541" allows Amiga 5.25" drives to read
C64 disks). "Disk2File" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package
for the Amiga.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://141.106.68.98/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file.zip
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/1541.lha
ftp://ftp.apple.com/software/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx
(the "ProDOS File System" is part of the disk-image - use Disk Copy to extract).
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "Disk2File")
NOTE: It is a great deal easier to transfer disk-images from the Macintosh
or Amiga to the PC (via 720K or 1.44Mb DOS disks) than it is from the Apple ][
straight to the PC (although there are hardware boards to connect Apple 5.25"
drives to the PC, they are rare). On the Macintosh, use either PC Exchange
software (which allows PC 720K and 1.44Mb disks to be inserted into Mac HD
disk-drives), Apple File Exchange, or System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting
software). On the PC, use Macsee or Mac-Ette (both Shareware) or Macindos, which
all read 1.44Mb Macintosh disks. On the Amiga, use Dos2Dos (KS 1.2/1.3) or
CrossDOS (inbuilt KS/WB2.1) to read 720K DOS disks in the Amiga 3.5" drive.
NOTE: Macintosh 400/800K disks are NOT compatible with either Amiga or PC
drives. Always ensure Binary/Data translation rather than MacBinary!
(ii) The second method of transferring disk-images from the Apple ][ requires
a serial card and a modem on the Apple ][, and a modem on the platform you
are sending to (this method can be used for long-distance transfers). The
program "diskread" contains a BASIC program by Damon J. Rand
<D.Rand@cantva.canterbury.ac.nu> that will create disk-images and allow the
file to be segmented if you don't have a 3.5" drive. Alternatively, "RTRK" by
Andrew Kingdom <agk@ausom.oz.au> will write disk-images from 5.25" disks to
larger volumes. The Apple archiver ShrinkIt can make a compressed disk-image
which can be decompressed on either a PC or Unix system using "Nulib" (the
resulting image will be ProDOS order rather than DOS3.3 order). For further
information on Apple ][ compression, check Q#5-9 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 -
Frequently Asked Questions". It is then possible to transmit the disk-images
via modem to another computer.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/diskread.bsc
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/rtrk.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/nulib.zip (PC version)
ftp://ftp.cco.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source)
(iii) By far the most common way of creating/transferring disk-images is to
connect your Apple to either a Macintosh or PC via null modem cable. The
following files: "a2pctr11" by Nye Liu <nyet@halycon.com>, "SendDisk"
by Rich Williamson <glitch@eskimo.com> and "ADT120" by Paul Guertin
<guertinp@iro.umontreal.ca> contain Apple programs which read existing disk-
images and then transmit that information via null modem cable or network (see
(i) and (ii) above for programs to create/segment disk-images). If you are a
Macintosh user, try "MacADT120a1s" (Alpha-release executable and archive
including Apple ADT program "adt.dmp") and "MacADT1.2.0d1" (development
version of MacADT executable) by Hideki Naito <pbc03243@niftyserve.or.jp> -
this gives a better Macintosh interface. On the PC or the Macintosh, use a
terminal program to capture the disk-images. The precise setup of the cable
depends on your computers - older Apple ][s require a serial card, whereas the
//c and IIGS have an inbuilt serial port. Consult the manual that came with
your Apple and determine the serial connection required, as well as the serial
connection on the computer you are transferring the data to. An Apple ][ binary
of ADT100 is available from "grind.isca.uiowa.edu", for those without a PC to
translate and decompress the Apple section of the program.
The "][ in a Mac" emulator by COMPUTER:applications, Inc. also possesses
the ability to create (non-standard) disk-images via a null-modem cable.
If you don't have a serial card on your Apple, try "Ap2222PC" by Clay
Chang. This program will transfer disk and sequential text files between the
PC and Apple using the Apple game I/O port and the PC parallel port (48K DOS
only!). Or, try "SoundReader" by Mike Kienenberger <SXMLK@ACAD3.ALASKA.EDU>,
which transmits binary data from an Apple to a NeXT via the audio ports on
the respective machines.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/a2pctr11.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/senddisk.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/adt120.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT120a1s.sit.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT1.2.0d1.sit.hqx
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/adt100.uu (A2 version)
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/][inamac.txt
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/ap2222pc.zip
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ap2222pc.bsc (A2 version)
ftp://ftp.et.byu.edu/apple2/emulator/SoundReader.tar.gz
MAKING COPY-PROTECTED DISK-IMAGES
Super Saltine's Transcopy (SST) - A complete package for the expert disk-image
creator! The "Sst.readme" file contains the necessary instructions (which are
too detailed to repeat here).
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/utility/Super_Saltines_Transcopy/
EXTRACTING DISK-IMAGES
It is currently possible to convert a disk-image BACK to the Apple ][ platform
onto a 5.25" disk. Use "UnImage v0.1" by Ivan Drucker <drucker@lclark.edu> to
convert disk-images back to disks (the disk-image must be on a mounted ProDOS
volume). One of the options of "DSK2FILE 2.0" by Ron Kneusel
<rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu> is to write an image file back to 5.25" floppies.
Alternatively, "DeImage v0.1" by Ivan Drucker extracts Applesoft and Binary
files from disk-images into ProDOS, although the process will only work
with standard DOS3.3 disks (ie. disks possessing a catalog). Finally,
"UnForkIt v0.1" also by Ivan Drucker converts forked files on ProDOS volumes
to one or two unforked files.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/deimage0.1.shk
ftp://141.106.68.98/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unforkit0.1.shk
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unimage0.1.shk
*******************************************************************************
6) Disk-image formats & conversion
MACINTOSH/PC/UNIX
There are four main types of cross-platform disk-images. The first three are
also covered in Part 13 of the "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions"
guide and the last in the "SIMIIE.DOC" file included as part of the SimIIe
package. Nibble images and the creation of images from protected software is
covered in the "Sst.readme" file included as part of the SST package.
THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO UNCOMPRESSED DISK-IMAGE FILES ONLY!
Disk-images CAN be copied between platforms and they WILL work with a variety
of emulators. If in doubt ALWAYS ensure BINARY translation between platforms!
1) DOS3.3 Order (DO/.DSK) - The most widely-used disk-image format, easily
translated into other formats. As suggested by the title, data is stored track
by track and sector by sector (Track 0, Sector 0 -> Track 22, Sector 15) for a
standard 1:1 copy of a 35 track, 16 sector DOS 3.3 disk (256 bytes per sector).
It usually has a .DSK extension. This image is 143360 bytes in size (143488 with
MacBinary header).
On the MACINTOSH - DO: To use this format with Stop The Madness, ensure that the
file is downloaded or transferred in binary - not Macbinary - mode (and is
143360 bytes) and then set the file type to DSK5 and the creator to A2EM using
ResEdit, UUlite, etc. STM will *NOT* recognize the disk-image unless it has the
correct file type/creator, even if it is of the correct size and is a binary
file. "Drop?Disk" is a drag-and-drop application which automatically converts
the file type and creator of disk-images for use with STM. There are a number of
utilities for the Macintosh which modify disk-images: "Easy.STM Convert.1.0" by
Jim Surine <xevious@holonet.net>, "Aconv v1.0" by Dan Bornstein and "Converter"
will reorder disk-image sectors into the DO type used by STM.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/converter.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx
On the PC - To use this format with Apl2Em or Applewin, ensure that the file
is downloaded or transferred in binary mode (and is 143360 bytes) and that it
has an eight character filename and .DSK extension. The current version of
Apl2Em requires that the D1 and D2 disk-images have default names (usually
SYSTEM.DSK and BLANK.DSK respectively), so you will have to rename your
disk-image files to use them. Applewin can actually read .DSK files of 143488
bytes (.bin files) but for compatibility with other emulators it is better to
translate the files correctly prior to use. No other form of conversion is
necessary.
DO to PO: To re-order the sectors into ProDOS order, use the
Mapper program.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/mapper.zip
2) ProDOS Order (PO/.DSK) - An older disk-image format (used more widely with
Unix emulators, since ShrinkIt archives extracted by Nulib produce PO images)
which is the same size as the DO format. This disk-image stores data in block
rather than track/sector format (block 0, block 1 -> block 279) - the difference
in the structure is due to ProDOS interleaving data in blocks (which equal two
DOS sectors). This image is also 143360 bytes in size.
On the MACINTOSH - PO to DO: The file must be downloaded in binary mode. The
application "Easy Convert" will re-order the sectors of a disk-image into DOS3.3
Order. This will automatically set the file type/creator attributes upon output
to DSK5/A2EM. Alternatively, use "ProDOS-Order Converter".
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/Po_to_Do.gz
On the PC - PO to DO: To re-order the sectors into DOS3.3 order, use the
Mapper program.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/mapper.zip
3) Nybblized DOS3.3 Order (NDO/.NIB) - Unlike the previous two disk-image
formats, NDO is structured by a nibble editor. According to Part 1,#13 of the
"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide, "every three bytes of data
have been 'bit twiddled' into four bytes, and each sector has an 'address field'
that has the track and sector numbers." Originally used only by ApplEmu to store
standard software, NDO can be used to store copy-protected or non-standard Apple
disk-images (created by SST - see "Super Saltines Transcopy" in Chapter 5 of
this FAQ). The conversion utilities listed below are solely for use with ApplEmu
images! This image is 232960 bytes in size.
On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to NDO
on the Macintosh.
On the PC - DO to NDO: To convert PO disk-images to NDO (for use with
Applemu), use the "Em2Emu" program.
NDO to DO: Use the program "Emu2Em" to re-order this format back
into the "standard" 143360 size.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/em2emu.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/emu2em.zip
4) SimIIe (IIE/.IIE) - This format is used solely by SimSystem IIe, and is
recognized by a .IIE extension. According to "SIMIIE.DOC" this format adds a
30 byte header to the binary and GCR disk-images (none of the other formats
possess a header) and adjusts the interleaving of the binary disk-image from
DOS3.3 to raw hardware format. The binary format is used to store non copy-
protected images. This image is 143390 bytes in size. Since no FTP sites store
disk-images in IIE format, there is currently no need for a program to convert
IIE back to DO or NDO formats. According to the "SIMIIE.DOC" this image can also
store GCR format - "disk data in its purest GCR encoded format, the same way it
is stored on a real Apple II...which makes this format suitable for many copy-
protection methods used on Apple II products." GCR format files will vary in
length - usually greater than 200K.
On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to IIE
on the Macintosh.
On the PC - DO to IIE: Use "Dsk2iie" to convert disks from Apl2Em (DO) format
to SimIIe format. SimIIe utilities, including "dsk2iie", are available in the
"sim2du10.zip" archive released by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu>.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/dsk2iie.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/sim2du10.zip
AMIGA
The Apple 2000 emulator on the Amiga uses three disk-image formats (this
section is excerpted from the "Apple 2000.doc" file included with the
Apple 2000 package).
1) DDD - Dalton Disk Disintegrator archives (DDD was a common disk
compression utility for the Apple). The emulator automatically decompresses
them. Archives of this format can be saved on the Amiga and transferred
back to the Apple.
2) .DISK - Filenames with a .DISK suffix are raw disk-images with no
compression. They are capable of storing images of non-DOS and copy-
protected disks, but are about 220K in size. According to the
documentation, this format is to be phased out of the emulator.
3) .PROG - Filenames with a .PROG suffix are executable files; these are
single files that were runnable from Apple DOS 3.3/ProDOS and did not
require any disk access thereafter. These files now do not even require
booting any Apple disk and are simply loaded into the appropriate Apple
memory areas and instantly started.
As to using the "standard" 143360 byte disk-image (see below) with Apple 2000,
they MUST be fully translated and decompressed - especially with regard to the
128 byte header added by Binhex 5 (.bin) on the Macintosh. Then rename the
143360 byte disk-image with a .disk extension.
***These Amiga formats are included for the sake of completeness - no disk-
images are stored in these formats on FTP sites (except for Apple ][ archives,
which contain Applesoft/Basic files and can be used with the .PROG extension
on the Amiga).***
*******************************************************************************
7) Working with disk-images
ADDING/REMOVING FILES
Applications exist which allow the incorporation of single DOS 3.3 files -
such as those found on "pure" Apple ][ FTP sites or in the Apple binary
newsgroup - into existing or new disk-images. Programs such as "dsk_in" &
"dsk_out" by Tom Baker <tombaker@world.std.com> and "VIEWDISK" and can write
Apple files into disk-images, and extract same to MSDOS files. For Windows
users, try "a2dsk v001" by Jeff Miller. On the Macintosh, "Apple ][ DOS 3.3
Utility v1.0.0" and "A2 Disk Edit v1.1.0" by Hideki Naito
<pbc03243@niftyserve.or.jp> offer the ability to transfer different types of
Basic (binary and Applesoft) files as well as text files. For SimSystem disk-
images, use "aftp" by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu> which browses,
extracts and adds files to SimIIe disk (.IIE) and hard-disk volumes (.HDV) -
part of the "sim2du10" archive. The SST package contains ANSI C, MSDOS and
Amiga executables for "EXTRACT", a file which extracts binary files from disk-
images. Amiga users can also use "afid" by George Phillips <phillips@cs.ubc.ca>
on DOS3.3 disk-images to catalog, read and write files. "Afid" is included as
part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga. By the same author,
"udisk" is a program (in C source code) which can read files from ProDOS and
C64 1541 disk-images.
These applications are of vital use to use who do not possess the ability to
make disk-images on an original Apple ][; finding a single Apple file on an FTP
site and using it with an emulator is no longer an insurmountable problem.
Unfortunately, most of the utilities described above are designed only for DOS
3.3 disks and will not work on ProDOS volumes.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/VIEWDISK.ZIP
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dsk_in.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dsk_out.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33Uti098a1.sit.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33U100.sit.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/a2diskedit110.sit.hqx.txt
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/sim2du10.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/utility/Super_Saltines_Transcopy/
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid")
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/udisk.sh
CATALOGING
To catalog a disk-image without running an emulator, try "catalogger" by
Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> on the Macintosh or "dsk_cat.zip" on
the PC. For SimIIe disk-images, use "aftp" by Galen C. Hunt
<gchunt@cc.dixie.edu> - part of the "sim2du10" archive. The SST package
contains ANSI C, MSDOS and Amiga executables for "CATALOG", a file which
catalogs standard DOS 3.3 images. Amiga users can also use "afid" by George
Phillips <phillips@cs.ubc.ca> on DOS3.3 disk-images to catalog, read and write
files. "Afid" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the
Amiga.
PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/catalogger.sit.hqx
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dsk_cat.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/sim2du10.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/utility/Super_Saltines_Transcopy/
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid")
*******************************************************************************
8) Further Reading
The respective documents for each emulator are in their archive package.
The Apple ][ documents I mentioned are listed below:
"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)" by James Vera
<vera@anna.stanford.edu> and Tom Baker <tombaker@world.std.com>.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulate-apple2-faq
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/emulate-apple2-faq/faq.html
"AppleUni FAQ" is a compilation of E-Mail questions from Peter Pauen and was
prepared by Andrew J. Kroll <ag784@freenet.buffalo.edu>. The FAQ is included in
the AppleUni archive (see "AppleUni" in Chapter 2 of this FAQ).
"COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FAQ" - see "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions"
"COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions (and answers)" by Dan DeMaggio
<dmag@umich.edu>; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.sys.apple2.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/part{1-2}
"The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.0" by
Tony Morales <hexman@netcom.com>.
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/hindenburg/faq
"VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" by Jered Floyd
<jered@mit.edu>.
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/info/VirtualGS.Info.unix
http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html
For a list of general emulators (listed by platform/processor emulation), try:
"COMP.EMULATORS.MISC Frequently Asked Questions" by Adam Roach
<adam.roach@exu.ericsson.se>; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.emulators.misc.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq
*****END OF FILE*****
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