FTP(1C)
NAME ftp - file transfer program
SyNOPSIS fftp [ -v ] [ -d ] [ -i ] [ -n ] [ -g ] [
host ]
DESCRIPTION fftp is the user interface to the DARPA File Transfer
Protocol. The pro- gram transfers files to and from a remote network
site. For file transfers between 4.2 and 4.3 UNIX-based hosts on a
local network, rcp is preferable.
The client host with which fftp is to communicate can be specified on
the command line. In this case, fftp immediately attempts to
establish a con- nection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise,
fftp enters its command interpreter and waits for instruction,
displaying the prompt ``ftp>''.
ftp recognizes the following commands:
! Invoke a shell on the local machine.
$ macroname [ args ] Execute the macro macroname that was defined
with the macdef command. Arguments are passed
to the macro unglobbed.
account [ passwd ] Supply a supplemental password required
by a remote system for access to resources once a login has
been successfully com- pleted. If no argument is included,
the user will be prompted for an account password in a
non-echoing input mode.
append localfile [ remotefile ] Append a local file to a
file on the remote machine. If remotefile is left
unspecified, the local file name is used to name the remote
file. File transfer uses the current set- tings for
type, format, mode, and
structure.
ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII.
This is the default.
bell Sound a bell after each file transfer command is
completed.
binary Set the file transfer type to support
binary image transfer.
bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and
exit fftp.
case Toggle remote computer file name case-mapping during
mget com- mands. When case is on (default is
off), remote computer file names with all letters in
upper-case are written in the local directory with the
letters mapped to lower-case.
cd remotedir Change the working directory on the remote machine
to remotedir.
cdup Change the remote machine working directory to its
parent.
FTP(1C)
close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and
return to the command interpreter.
cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ASCII-type file
retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage
return/linefeed sequence during ASCII-type file transfer.
When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are
stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single
linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote
systems can contain single linefeeds; when an ASCII type
transfer is made, these linefeeds can be distinguished from
a record delimiter only when cr is off.
debug [ debugvalue ] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional
debugvalue is speci- fied, it is used to set the debugging
level. When debugging is on, fftp prints each command sent
to the remote machine, pre- ceded by the string --> .
delete remotefile Delete the file remotefile on the remote
machine.
dir [ remotedir ] [ localfile ] Print the contents of
directory, remotedir, and, optionally, place the output in
localfile. If no directory is specified, the current
working directory on the remote machine is used. If no
local file is specified, output comes to the terminal.
disconnect A synonym for close.
form format Set the file transfer form to format. The
default format is ``file''.
get remotefile [ localfile ] Retrieve the remotefile and store it
on the local machine. If the local file name is not
specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote
machine. The current settings for type, form,
mode, and structure are used while
transferring the file.
glob Toggle file name globbing. With file name globbing enabled,
each local file or pathname is processed for csh
metacharac- ters. These characters are * ? [] ~ {}. Remote
files speci- fied in multiple item commands, such as
mput, are globbed by the remote server. With globbing
disabled, all files and path- names are treated literally.
glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget
and mput. If globbing is turned off with glob, the
file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded.
Globbing for mput is done as in csh. For
mdelete and mget, each remote file name is
expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are
not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be
different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file;
the
2 UMAX 4.3 User's Reference Manual
FTP(1C)
exact result depends on the foreign operating system and
FTP server, and can be previewed by doing ``mls
remotefiles''. Note: mget and mput are not meant
to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can
be done by transferring a tar archive of the subtree
(in binary mode).
hash Toggle number-sign (#) printing for each data block
transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.
help command Print a description of command. With no argument,
fftp prints a list of the known commands.
lcd [ dir ] Change the working directory dir on the local
machine. If dir is not specified, change to the user's home
directory.
ls [ remotedir ] [ localfile ] Print an abbreviated listing of the
contents of a directory on the remote machine. If remotedir
is left unspecified, the current working directory is used.
If no local-file is speci- fied, the output is sent to the
terminal.
macdef macroname Define a macro. Subsequent lines are
stored as the macro macroname; a null line (consecutive
newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the
terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of
16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros.
Macros remain defined until a close command is
executed. The macro processor interprets $ and \\\ as
special characters. A $ followed by a number (or
numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the
macro invocation command line. A $ followed by an i
signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to
be looped. On the first pass $i is replaced by the
first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the
second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so
on. A \\\ followed by any character is replaced by that
character. Use the \\\ to prevent special treatment of the
$.
mdelete remotefiles Delete the specified files on the
remote machine. If globbing is enabled, the remote file
specification is first expanded using ls.
mdir remotefiles localfile Obtain a directory listing of
multiple files on the remote machine and place the result
in localfile.
mget remotefiles Retrieve the specified files from the remote
machine and place them in the current local directory. If
globbing is enabled, the specification of remote files will
first be expanded using ls.
mkdir dirname
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FTP(1C)
Make a directory named dirname on the remote machine.
mls remotefiles localfile Obtain an abbreviated listing of multiple
files on the remote machine and place the result in
localfile.
mode [ modename ] Set the file transfer mode to modename.
The default mode is stream.
mput localfiles Expand wildcards in the list of local files
given as arguments and do a put for each file in the
resulting list. This transfers multiple local files from
the current local direc- tory to the current working
directory on the remote machine. See csh for details of
filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be
processed according to ntrans and nmap set-
tings.
nmap [ inpattern outpattern ] Set or unset the filename
mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the
filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are
specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput
commands and put commands issued without a specified
remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local
filenames are mapped during mget commands and get
commands issued without a specified local target filename.
This com- mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX
remote computer with different file naming conventions or
practices. The map- ping follows the pattern set by
inpattern and outpattern.
inpattern is a template for incoming filenames (which may
have already been processed according to the ntrans
and case set- tings). Variable templating is
accomplished by including the sequences ``$1'', ``$2'',
..., ``$9'' in inpattern. Use \\\ to prevent this special
treatment of the $ character. All other characters are
treated literally, and are used to determine the
nmap inpattern variable values. For example, given
inpat- tern $1.$2 and the remote file name
mydata...data, $1 would have the value
``mydata'', and $2 would have the value ``data''.
The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename.
The sequences ``$1'', ``$2'', ...., ``$9'' are replaced by
any value resulting from the inpattern template. The
sequence ``$0'' is replace by the original filename.
Additionally, the sequence [seq1,seq2] is replaced by seq1
if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by
seq2. For example, the command ``nmap $1.$2.$3
[$1,$2].[$2,file]'' would yield the output filename
myfile...data for input filenames
myfile...data and
myfile...data...old,
myfile...file for the input filename
myfile, and myfile...myfile
for the input filename ...myfile. Spaces can be
included in outpattern, as in the example: nmap $1 |sed "s/
*$//" > $1 . Use the \\\ character to prevent spe- cial
treatment of ``$'', ``['', ``]'', and ``,''.
ntrans [ inchars [ outchars ] ]
FTP(1C)
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the filename character
translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are
specified, characters in remote filenames are translated
during mput commands and put commands issued
without a specified remote target filename. If arguments
are specified, characters in local filenames are translated
during mget commands and get commands issued without
a specified local target filename. This command is useful
when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with dif-
ferent file naming conventions or practices. Characters in
a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced
with the corresponding character in outchars. If the
character's posi- tion in inchars is longer than the length
of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.
open host [ port ] Establish a connection to the specified
host's FTP server. An optional port number can be
supplied, in which case, fftp attempts to contact an FTP
server at that port. If the auto- login option is
on (default), fftp also attempts to automati- cally log the
user in to the FTP server (see below).
prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting
occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to
selec- tively retrieve or store files. If prompting is
turned off (default), any mget or mput transfers
all files.
proxy ftpcommand Execute an FTP command on a secondary
control connection. This command allows simultaneous
connection to two remote FTP servers for transferring files
between the two servers. The first proxy command
should be an open, to establish the secon- dary
control connection. Enter the command ``proxy ?'' to see
other FTP commands executable on the secondary connection.
The following commands behave differently when prefaced by
proxy: open will not define new macros during
the auto-login process, close will not erase existing
macro definitions, get and mget transfer files from
the host on the primary control connection to the host on
the secondary control connection, and put, mput,
and append transfer files from the host on the
secondary control connection to the host on the primary
con- trol connection. Third-party file transfers depend
upon sup- port of the FTP protocol PASV command by the
server on the secondary control connection.
put localfile [ remotefile ] Store a local file on the remote
machine. If remotefile is left unspecified, the local file
name is used in naming the remote file. File transfer uses
the current settings for type, format,
mode, and structure.
pwd Print the name of the current working directory on
the remote machine.
quit A synonym for bye...
UMAX 4.3 User's Reference Manual
5
FTP(1C)
quote arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim,
to the remote FTP server. A single FTP reply code is
expected in return.
recv remotefile [ localfile ] A synonym for get.
remotehelp [ commandname ] Request help from the remote
FTP server. If a commandname is specified, it is supplied
to the server as well.
rename [ from ] [ to ] Rename, on the remote machine, the
file from to the file to.
reset Clear reply queue. This command resynchronizes
command/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server.
Resynchronization may be neccesary following a violation of
the FTP protocol by the remote server.
rmdir dirname Delete the directory dirname on the remote
machine.
runique Toggle storing of files on the local system
with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a
name equal to the target local filename for a get or
mget command, a ``.1'' is appended to the name. If the
resulting name matches another existing file, a ``.2'' is
appended to the original name. If this process continues
up to ``.99'', an error message is printed, and the
transfer does not take place. The generated unique
filename will be reported. Note that runique
will not affect local files generated from a shell command
(see below). The default value is off.
send localfile [ remotefile ] A synonym for put.
sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, fftp
attempts to use a PORT command when establishing a
connection for each data transfer. If the PORT command
fails, fftp uses the default data port. When the use of
PORT commands is disabled, no attempt is made to use them
for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP
implementations that do ignore PORT commands but wrongly
indicate they have been accepted.
status Show the current status of fftp.
struct [ structname ] Set the file transfer
structure to structname. The default structure
is stream.
sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under
unique file names. Remote FTP server must support FTP
protocol STOU com- mand for successful completion. The
remote server will report unique names. Default value is
off.
tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk
to TENEX
FTP(1C)
machines.
trace Toggle packet-tracing.
type [ typename ] Set the file transfer type to typename. If
no type is speci- fied, the current type is printed. The
default type is network ASCII.
user username [ password ] [ account ] Identify yourself to the
remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the
server requires it, fftp prompts the user for it (after
disabling local echo). If an account field is not
specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user is
prompted for it. Unless fftp is invoked with ``auto-login''
disabled, this process is done automatically on initial
con- nection to the FTP server.
verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses
from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition,
if verbose mode is on, when a file transfer completes,
statistics regard- ing the efficiency of the transfer are
reported. By default, verbose is on.
??? [ command ] A synonym for help.
Command arguments that have embedded spaces can be quoted with double
quote (") marks.
ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER To abort a file transfer, use the terminal
interrupt key (usually CTRL- C). Sending transfers are immediately
halted. Receiving transfers are halted by sending an FTP protocol
ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data
received. The speed at which this is accom- plished depends upon the
remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server
does not support the ABOR command, an ``ftp>'' prompt will not appear
until the remote server has completed sending the requested file.
The terminal interrupt key sequence is ignored when fftp has
completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the
remote server. A long delay in this mode can result from the ABOR
processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote
server, including vio- lations of the FTP protocol. If the delay
results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local FTP program
must be killed by hand.
FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS Files specified as arguments to FTP commands are
processed according to the following rules.
1. If the file name is -, the standard input (for reading) or the
stan- dard output (for writing) is used.
2. If the first character of the file name is a bar(|), the remainder
of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. fftp then
forks a
FTP(1C)
shell, using popen with the argument supplied, and reads
(writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command
includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; for example, """|||
ls -lt""". A particularly use- ful example of this mechanism is
"""dir ||| more""".
3. Failing the above checks, if globbing is enabled, local file names
are expanded according to the rules used in csh; see the glob
com- mand.
4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local
file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which can
be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap
setting. The resulting filename can then be altered if
runique is on.
5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified
remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename,
which can be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting.
The resulting filename can then be altered by the remote server if
sunique is on.
FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS The FTP specification identifies many
parameters that can affect a file transfer. The type can be one
of ASCII , image (binary), ebcdic, and local
byte size (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). fftp
supports the ASCII and image types of file
transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.
fftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer
parameters: mode, form, and struct.
OPTIONS Options can be specified at the command line, or to the command
inter- preter.
-d Enable debugging.
-g Disable file name globbing.
-i Turn off interactive prompting during mutiple file
transfers.
-n Restrain fftp from attempting auto-login upon initial
connection. If auto-login is enabled, fftp checks the
...netrc file in the user's home directory for an entry
describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry
exists, fftp prompts for the remote machine login name (default
is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary,
prompts for a password and an account with which to log-in.
-v Force fftp to show all responses from the remote server and
to report data transfer statistics.
THE .netrc FILE The ...netrc file contains login and
initialization information used by the auto-login process. It
resides in the user's home directory. The following identifiers are
recognized; they can be separated by spaces, tabs, or newlines.
FTP(1C)
machine name Identify a remote machine name. The
auto-login process searches the ...netrc file for a
machine identifier that matches the remote machine specified on
the FTP command line or as an open command argument. Once a
match is made, the subsequent ...netrc identifiers are
pro- cessed, stopping when the end-of-file is reached or another
machine identifier is encountered.
login name Identify a user on the remote machine. If this
identifier is present, the auto-login process initiates a login
using the specified name.
password string Supply a password. If this identifier is
present, the auto-login process supplies the specified string if
the remote server requires a password as part of the login
process. Note that if this identifier is present in the
...netrc file, fftp aborts the auto-login process if the
...netrc is readable by anyone besides the user.
FTP(1C)
account string Supply an additional account password. If
this identifier is present, the auto-login process supplies the
specified string if the remote server requires an additional
account password, or the auto- login process initiates an ACCT
command if it does not.
macdef name Define a macro. This identifier functions
like the FTP macdef com- mand functions. A macro is
defined with the specified name; its con- tents begin with the
next ...netrc line and continue until a null line
(consecutive newline characters) is encountered. If a macro named
init is defined, it is automatically executed as the last
step in the auto-login process.
SEE ALSO csh(1), rcp(1) ftpd(8c) in the UMAX 4.3 System Administrator's
Reference Manual
RESTRICTIONS Many FTP server implementations do not support the
experimental opera- tions such as print working directory.
Aborting a file transfer does not work right; if one attempts this,
the local FTP will probably have to be killed by hand.
Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by
the remote server.
An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD UNIX
ASCII -mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction can
result in incorrect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD
servers using the ASCII type. Avoid this problem by using the binary
image type.
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