TUCoPS :: Phreaking General Information :: bioc3.txt

BIOC Agent 003's Basic Telecom Tutorial 3 of 7


*******BIOC AGENT 003'S COURSE IN******
*                                     *
*      ==========================     *
*      =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS=     *
*      ==========================     *
*              PART III               *
*                                     *
***************************************
 
 
PREFACE:
 
IN PART III, WE WILL DISCUSS THE
DIALING PROCEDURES FOR DOMESTIC AS WELL
AS INTERNATIONAL DIALING.  WE WILL ALSO
TAKE A LOOK AT THE TELEPHONE NUMBERING
PLAN.
 
===============================
=NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN=
===============================
 
IN NORTH AMERICA, THE TELEPHONE
NUMBERING PLAN IS AS FOLLOWS:
 
     A) A 3 DIGIT NUMBERING PLAN AREA
        (NPA) CODE, [IE, AREA CODE]
 
     B) A 7 DIGIT TELEPHONE #
        CONSISTING OF A 3 DIGIT CENTRAL
        OFFICE (CO) CODE PLUS A 4 DIGIT
        STATION #.
 
THESE 10 DIGITS ARE CALLED THE NETWORK
ADDRESS OR DESTINATION CODE.  IT IS IN
THE FORMAT OF:
 
        AREA CODE   TELEPHONE #
        ---------   -----------
 
           N*X        NXX-XXXX
 
   WHERE:  N = A DIGIT FROM 2-9
           * = THE DIGIT 0 OR 1
           X = A DIGIT 0-9
 
AREA CODES:
-----------
 
CHECK YOUR TELEPHONE BOOK OR THE
SEPARATE LISTING OF AREA CODES FOUND ON
MANY BBS'S.  HERE ARE THE SPECIAL AREA
CODES (SAC'S):
 
     510 - TWX (USA)
     610 - TWX (CANADA)
     700 - NEW SERVICE
     710 - TWX (USA)
     800 - WATS
     810 - TWX (USA)
     900 - DIAL-IT SERVICES
     910 - TWX (USA)
 
THE OTHER AREA CODES NEVER CROSS STATE
LINES, THEREFORE EACH STATE MUST HAVE
ATLEAST ONE EXCLUSIVE NPA CODE.  WHEN
A COMMUNITY IS SPLIT BY A STATE LINE,
THE CO #'S ARE OFTEN INTERCHANGABLE
(IE, YOU CAN DIAL THE SAME # FROM 2
DIFFERENT AREA CODES)
 
 
TWX:
 
TWX (TELEX II) CONSISTS OF 5 TELETYPE-
WRITER AREA CODES.  THEY ARE OWNED BY
WESTERN UNION.  THESE SAC'S MAY ONLY BE
REACHED VIA OTHER TWX MACHINES.  THESE
RUN AT 110 BAUD.  BESIDES THE TWX #'S,
THESE MACHINES ARE ROUTED TO NORMAL
TELEPHONE #'S.  TWX MACHINES ALWAYS
RESPOND WITH AN ANSWERBACK. FOR
EXAMPLE, WU'S FYI TWX # IS (910) 988-
5956, THE CORRESPONDING REAL NUMBER TO
THIS IS (201) 279-5956.  THE ANSWERBACK
FOR THIS SERVICE IS "WU FYI MAWA."
 
IF YOU DON'T WANT TO BUY A TWX MACHINE,
YOU CAN STILL SEND TWX MESSAGES USING
EASYLINK [800/325-4112 - SEE TUC'S AND
MY ARTICLE ENTITLED "HACKING WESTERN
UNION'S EASYLINK]
 
700:
 
AT THE TIME OF THIS WRITING, THE 700
EXCHANGE DOES NOT YET EXIST.  AT&T
PLANS TO USE IT SOON THOUGH.  THEY PLAN
TO MAKE IT A TYPE OF FANCY CALL
FORWARDING SERVICE.  IT WILL BE
TARGETED TOWARDS SALESMEN ON THE RUN.
 
TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT WORKS, I'LL
EXPLAIN IT WITH AN EXAMPLE.  LET'S SAY
JOE Q. SALESPIG WORKS FOR AT&T SECURITY
AND HE IS ON THE RUN CHASING A PHREAK
AROUND THE COUNTRY WHO ROYALLY SCREWED
UP AN IMPORTANT COSMOS SYSTEM.  LET'S
SAY THAT JOE'S 700 # IS (700) 382-5968.
EVERYTIME JOE GOES TO A NEW HOTEL, HE
DIALS A SPECIAL 700 #, ENTERS A CODE,
AND THE # WHERE HE IS STAYING.  NOW, IF
HIS BOSS RECEIVED SOME IMPORTANT INFO,
ALL HE WOULD DO IS DIAL (700) 382-5968
AND IT WOULD RING WHEREVER JOE LAST
PROGRAMMED IT TO.  NEAT, HUH?
 
800:
 
THIS SAC IS ONE OF MY FAVORITES SINCE
IT ALLOWS FOR TOLL-FREE CALLS.
 
INWARD WATS (INWATS):  INWARD WIDE AREA
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE IS THE 800
#'S THAT WE ARE ALL FAMILIAR WITH.  800
#'S ARE SET UP IN SERVICE AREAS OR
BANDS.  THERE ARE 6 OF THESE.  BAND 6
IS THE LARGEST AND YOU CAN CALL A BAND
6 # FROM ANYWHERE IN THE US EXCEPT THE
STATE WHERE THE CALL IS TERMINATED
(THIS IS WHY MOST COMPANIES HAVE ONE
800 # FOR THE COUNTRY AND THEN ANOTHER
FOR JUST ONE STATE).  BAND 5 INCLUDES
THE 48 CONTIGUOUS STATES.  ALL THE WAY
DOWN TO BAND 1 WHICH INCLUDES ONLY THE
STATES CONTIGUOUS TO THAT ONE.
THEREFORE, LESS PEOPLE CAN REACH A BAND
1 INWATS # THAT A BAND 6 #.
 
INTRASTATE INWATS #'S (IE, YOU CAN CALL
IT FROM ONLY 1 STATE) ALWAYS HAVE A 2
AS THE LAST DIGIT IN THE EXCHANGE (IE,
800-NX2-XXXX).  THE NXX ON 800 #'S
REPRESENT THE AREA WHERE THE BUSINESS
IS LOCATED.  FOR EXAMPLE, A # BEGINNING
WITH 800-431 WOULD TERMINATE AT A NY CO
 
800 #'S ALWAYS END UP IN A HUNT SERIES
IN A CO.  THIS MEANS THAT IT TRIES THE
FIRST # ALLOCATED TO THE COMPANY FOR
THEIR 800 LINES; IF THIS IS BUSY IT
WILL THEN TRY THE NEXT #, ETC).  YOU
MUST HAVE A MINIMUM OF TWO LINES PER
EACH 800 #.  FOR EXAMPLE, TRAVELNET
USES A HUNT SERIES.  IF YOU DIAL (800)
521-8400, IT WILL FIRST TRY THE #
ASSOCIATED WITH 8400; IF IT IS BUSY IT
WILL GO TO THE NEXT AVAILABLE PORT,
ETC.  INWATS CUSTOMERS ARE BILLED BY
THE # OF HOURS OF CALLS THAT ARE MADE
TO THEIR #.
 
OUTWATS (OUTWARD WATS):  OUTWATS ARE
FOR MAKING OUTGOING CALLS ONLY.  LARGE
COMPANIES USE OUTWATS SINCE THEY
RECEIVE BULK-RATE DISCOUNTS.  SINCE
OUTWATS # CANNOT HAVE INCOMING CALLS,
THEY ARE IN THE FORMAT OF:
 
     (800) *XX-XXXX
 
WHERE * IS THE DIGIT 0 OR 1 WHICH
CANNOT BE DIALED UNLESS YOU BOX THE
CALL.  THE *XX IDENTIFIES THE TYPE OF
SERVICE AND THE AREAS THAT THE COMPANY
CAN CALL.
 
REMEMBER:
       INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS EXTENDER
       (SEE PART I)
 
900:
 
THIS DIAL-IT SAC IS A NATIONWIDE
DIAL-IT SERVICE.  IT IS USED FOR TAKING
TELEVISION POLLS AND OTHER STUFF.  THE
FIRST MINUTE CURRENTLY COSTS AN
OUTRAGEOUS 50 CENTS AND EACH ADDITIONAL
MINUTE COSTS 35 CENTS.  BELL TAKES IN
ALOT OF REVENUE IN THIS WAY.
 
DIAL (900) 555-1212 TO FIND OUT WHAT IS
CURRENTLY ON THE SERVICE.
 
 
CO CODES:
---------
 
THESE IDENTIFY THE SWITCHING OF
     970 - PLANT TEST (TEMPORARY)
     976 - DIAL-IT SERVICES
 
ALSO, THE 3 DIGIT ANI & RINGBACK #'S
ARE REGARDED AS PLANT TEST AND ARE THUS
RESERVED.  THESE NUMBERS VARY FROM AREA
TO AREA.
 
950:
 
[ALSO SEE PART I]
 
HERE ARE THE SERVICES THAT ARE
CURRENTLY ON THE 950 EXCHANGE:
 
     1000 - SPC
     1022 - MCI EXECUNET
     1033 - US TELEPHONE
     1044 - ALLNET
     1066 - LEXITEL
     1088 - SBS SKYLINE
 
THESE SCC'S (SPECIALIZED COMMON
CARRIERS) ARE FREE FROM FORTRESSES!
 
PLANT TESTS:
 
THESE INCLUDE ANI, RINGBACK, AND OTHER
VARIOUS TESTS.
 
976:
 
DIAL 976-1000 TO SEE WHAT IS CURRENTLY
ON THE SERVICE.  ALSO, MANY BBS'S HAVE
A LISTING OF THESE #'S.
 
 
N11 CODES:
----------
 
BELL IS TRYING TO PHASE SOME OF THESE
OUT, BUT THEY STILL EXIST IN MANY
AREAS.
 
     011 - INTERNATIONAL DIALING PREFIX
     211 - COIN REFUND OPERATOR
     411 - DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE
     611 - REPAIR SERVICE
     811 - BUSINESS OFFICE
     911 - EMERGENCY
 
 
=======================
=INTERNATIONAL DIALING=
=======================
 
WITH INTERNATIONAL DIALING, THE WORLD
HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO 9 NUMBERING
ZONES.
 
TO MAKE AN INTERNATION CALL, YOU MUST
DIAL:
    INT. PREFIX + COUNTRY CODE + NAT. #
 
IN NORTH AMERICA, THE INTERNATIONAL
DIALING PREFIX IS 011 FOR STATION-TO-
STATION CALLS AND 01 FOR OPERATOR-
SERVICED CALLS.  IDDD STANDS FOR
INTERNATIONAL DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING.
 
THE COUNTRY CODE, WHICH VARIES FROM 1
TO 3 DIGITS, ALWAYS HAS THE WORLD
NUMBERING ZONE AS THE FIRST DIGIT.  FOR
EXAMPLE, THE COUNTRY CODE FOR THE
UNITED KINGDOM IS 44, THUS IT IS IN
WORLD NUMBERING ZONE 4.
 
SOME BOARDS(Like OSUNY) MAY CONTAIN A CO
MPLETE
LISTING OF OTHER COUNTRY CODES, BUT
HERE ARE A FEW:
 
     1 - NORTH AMERICA (US, CANADA,ETC)
    20 - EGYPT
   258 - MOZAMBIQUE
    34 - SPAIN
    49 - GERMANY
    52 - MEXICO (SOUTHERN PORTION)
    61 - AUSTRALIA
     7 - USSR
    81 - JAPAN
    98 - IRAN
 
IF YOU CALL FROM AN AREA OTHER THAN
NORTH AMERICA, THE FORMAT IS GENERALLY
THE SAME.  FOR EXAMPLE, LET'S SAY YOU
WANTED TO CALL THE WHITE HOUSE FROM
SWITZERLAND.  FIRST YOU WOULD DIAL 00
(THE SWISS INTERNATIONAL DIALING
PREFIX), THEN 1 (THE US COUNTRY CODE),
FOLLOWED BY 202-456-1414 (THE NATIONAL
# FOR THE WHITE HOUSE).
 
ALSO, COUNTRY CODE 87 IS RESERVED FOR
MARITIME MOBILE SERVICE, IE CALLING
SHIPS:
 
     871 - MARISAT (ATLANTIC)
     872 - MARISAT (PACIFIC)
     873 - MARISAT (INDIAN )
 
INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING:
 
IN NORTH AMERICA, THERE ARE CURRENTLY 7
NO. 4 ESS'S THAT PERFORM THE DUTY OF
ISC (INTERNATION SWITCHING CENTERS).
ALL INTERNATIONAL CALLS DIALED FROM
NUMBERING ZONE 1 WILL BE ROUTED THROUGH
ONE OF THESE "GATEWAY CITIES."  THEY
ARE:
 
     182 -  WHITE PLAINS, NY
     183 -  NEW YORK, NY
     184 -  PITTSBURGH, PA
     185 -  ORLANDO, FL
     186 -  OAKLAND, CA
     187 -  DENVER, CO
     188 -  NEW YORK, NY
 
THE 18X SERIES ARE OPERATOR ROUTING
CODES FOR OVERSEAS ACCESS (TO BE
FURTHER DISCUSSED WITH BLUE BOXES).
ALL INTERNATIONAL CALLS USE A SIGNALING
SYSTEM CALLED CCITT.  IT IS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR SIGNALING.
 
 
 
COMING SOON:
------------
 
IN PART IV, WE WILL DISCUSS SWITCHING
EQUIPMENT, VARIOUS OPERATORS, CO TYPES,
ETC.
 
 
PHREAKING LIVES IN '84,
 
*****BIOC
*=$=*AGENT
*****003
 
<<=-FARGO 4A-=>>
 
23-FEB-84
 
REFERENCES/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:  NOTES ON
THE NETWORK (AT&T), TAP (ROOM 603, 147
W 42 ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036),
UNDERSTANDING TELEPHONE ELECTRONICS,
AND MANY OTHERS/TUC, MULCHER ][,
CHESHIRE CATALYST, AND MANY OTHERS WHO
HAVE CONTRIBUTED IN ONE WAY OR THE
OTHER TO THIS ARTICLE.
 


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