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Here is the text of a proposed computer crime law in Ghana. Please note that this law is only proposed. It has not yet been adopted. *************************************************************** Ghana Computer Crime Law (Proposed) Computer Crime Law In pursuance of the Provisional National Defense Council (Establishment) Proclamation 1981, this Law is hereby made: 1. Any person who, with intent to defraud, (a) alters, damages, destroys or otherwise manipulates data or program stored in or used in connection with a computer, or (b) obtains by any means, information stored in a computer and uses it to his advantage or to another person's advantage to the disadvantage of any other person, or (c) uses a computer commits an offense. Charge: Computer-related fraud. ALTERNATIVE: (1) A person commits an offense if that person obtains access to a computer program or data, whether stored in or used in connection with a computer or to a part of such program or data to erase or otherwise alter the program or data with the intention- 1. (a) of procuring an advantage for himself or another person: or (b) of damaging another person's interests. 2. Any person who, by any means, without authority, wilfully destroys, damages, injures, alters or renders ineffective data stored in or used in connection with a computer commits an offense. Charge: Damaging Computer data. 3. Any person who, without authority, knowingly uses a computer commits and offense. Charge: Unauthorized use of a computer. 4. Any person who, without authority, knowingly gains access to a computer, computer network, or any part thereof commits an offense. Charge: Unauthorized access to a computer. 5. Any person who, knowingly and dishonestly introduces, records or stores, or causes to be recorded, stored or introduced into a computer or computer network by any means, false or misleading information as data commits an offense. Charge: Insertion of false information as data. ALTERNATIVE: (5) A person commits an offense if, not having authority to obtain access to a computer program or data, whether stored in or used in connection with a computer, or to a part of such program or data, he obtains such unauthorized access and damages another person's interests by recklessly adding to, erasing or otherwise altering the program or the data. 6. Any person under a contractual or other duty to introduce, record or store authorised data into a computer network, who negligently or dishonestly fails to introduce, record or store, commits an offense. Charge: Omission to introduce, record or store data. ALTERNATIVE (6) Any person under a contractual or other duty to introduce, record or store data into a computer or computer network who negligently or dishonestly fails to introduce, record or store, commits an offense. 7. Any authorised person who willfully or intentionally allows information from a computer to get into the hands of an unauthorised person who uses such information to his advantage commits an offense. Charge: Allowing unauthorised person to use computer data. 8. A person guilty of an offense under this Law shall be liable:- (a) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both; or (b) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or to an unlimited fine, or both. 9. A court in Ghana shall have jurisdiction to entertain proceedings for an offense under this Law, if at the time the offense was committed:- (a) the accused was in Ghana; or (b) the program or the data in relation to which the offence was committed was stored in or used with a computer or computer network in Ghana. 10. In this Law, unless the context otherwise requires:- "access" includes to log unto, instruct, store data or programs in, retrieve data or programs from, or otherwise communicate with a computer, or gain access to (whether directly or with the aid of any device) any data or program. "computer" includes any device which is capable of performing logical, arithmetical, classifactory, mnemonic, storage or other like functions by means of optical, electronic or magnetic signals. "Computer network" includes the interconnection of two or more computers, whether geographically separated or in close proximity or the interconnection of communication systems with a computer through terminals, whether remote or local. "Computer program" includes an instruction or statement or series of instructions or statements capable of causing a computer to indicate, perform, or achieve any function. "data" includes a representation in any form whether tangible or intangible that is capable of being stored in or retrieved by a computer. *(END GHANA PROPOSED LAW)*