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January 8, 1992
MIND13.ASC
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This file originally named FFR.TXT, shared with KeelyNet
courtesy of Double Helix BBS at (212) 956-8076.
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SOUND AND LIGHT BRAIN MACHINES
By David C. Freeman
12 September 1991
It has been noted that if one were to strike two tuning forks of
slightly different tone pitch at the same time, one would find that
there were three distinct tones rather than two. The third tone is
the difference in frequency of the two tones. For example, if one
fork resonated at a frequency of 202Hz,(cycles per second) and the
other resonated at a frequency of 200Hz the resulting third tone
would be the difference of the original tone, and would modulate at
2Hz. These modulations are know as beats.
A phenomena was discovered by Dr. Gerald Oster in 1973, at the
Mount Sinai school of Medicine in New York. Dr. Oster had been
investigating the effects of sound waves on the brain. He
discovered that when he introduced, through headphones, two
different tones separately to each ear that the brain would resonate
at a frequency that was the difference of the two tones, ie. 400Hz
introduced to the left ear and 406Hz introduced to the right ear
would result in the a solid EEG (electroencephalagram) reading of
6Hz. He dubbed this phenomena binaural beats.
Before the binaural beat phenomena was discovered, there was no
way to entrain or synchronize brain waves. Studies of brain waves
were limited to the mental state of the test subject, and the waves
that were produced as a result of that state rather than what states
could be produced as a result of altering brain wave frequencies.
Robert Monroe, founder of the Monroe Institute of Applied
Sciences in Virginia, conducted further studies of the binaural beat
phenomena and discovered particular combinations of tones and
frequencies that produce particular effects in humans. Out of the
thousands of possible combinations of frequencies that could be
produced, Monroe and his team settled on fifty three that had
positive strong effects on the brain. Monroe patented this process
in 1975, calling it Frequency Following Response or FFR. Monroe also
developed a tape series designed to utilize the frequency
combinations that he and his team discovered. He called the series
HemiSync, short for Hemisphere Synchronization.
Page 1
Scientist have generalized the different brain wave frequencies
to indicate what sort of activity the brain is engaged in. The
generalized frequencies are
Beta(13-30Hz);
Alpha(8-13Hz);
Theta(4-7Hz);
Delta(0.5-4Hz).
Beta waves are associated with a "normal" level of arousal with
attention directed externally. High Beta waves are associated with
heavy stress.
Alpha waves are associated with relaxation. Theta waves are
associated with deep reverie, mental imagery, and access to deep
rooted memories. Delta is associated with deep sleep.
Many products have entered the market place utilizing not only
audio FFR, but combining the photic driving response with audio
FFR,(photic driving entails lights flashing at a particular
frequency in the eyes to produce the FFR) to achieve particular
brain states. The majority of the products now on the market have
been approved by the Food and Drug administration (FDA), but what
are the benefits of using one of these devices.
Scientist have discovered that at certain frequencies
(particularly in Alpha and Theta range), the majority of the devices
have been found to:
- alleviate stress
- promote long lasting and substantial reductions in
subjects experiencing anxiety
- facilitate deep physical relaxation and mental clarity
- increase verbal ability and verbal performance IQ
- synchronize both hemispheres of the brain
- invoke vivid spontaneous mental imagery and imaginative
creative thinking
- reduce pain, promote euphoria, and stimulate endorphine
release
Some of the devices that have been tested are:
* DAVID (Digital Audiovisual Integration Device), invented
David Siever
* The Synchro Energizer, invented by Dennis Gorges
* The Relaxman
* Inner Quest and Inner Quest Pro I
* MCı
Page 2
It is obvious that this technology is in it's fledgling stage of
development and has the propensity to aid many, but where is this
technology going? Will these machines become an industry to parallel
or even surpass the effects that the personal computer has had on
our lives or will future, more powerful advances be put on hold by
the FDA? Only time will tell.
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Sources:
Hutchinson, Michael. Mega Brain, 1986, Balentine Books.
Oster, Gerald. "Auditory Beats in the Brain." Scientific American,
September 1973.
Davis, Joel. Endorphines: New waves in Brain Chemistry. Garden City,
N.Y.: dial Press, 1984.
Warner, R.D. "Build A Synergy Card For Your PC, Parts l,ll,lll."
Radio Electronics, September 1988, October 1988, November
1988
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Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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