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= =
= HACKING TOPS =
= =
= BY =
= =
= BLITZIOD ?? & GALACTUS ** =
= =
= OF =
= =
= THE ELITE HACKERS GUILD =
= =
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ABOUT TOPS
----------
TOPS IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM FOR DEC-
20 AND DEC-10 COMPUTERS. TOPS IS SOME-
THING OF A 'MEMORY HOG' AND EATS UP A
LOT OF CORE. THE SYSTEM IS VERY USER
FRIENDLY AND IS THUS GOOD FOR SCHOOLS
BUT DUE TO ITS EXCESSIVE OCCUPATION OF
MEMMORY IT IS NOT OFTEN USED BY BUIS-
NESSES, WHO SEEM HAPPIER WITH RSTS
(ANOTHER DEC OPERATING SYSTEM WHICH
CAN SOON BE READ ABOUT IN MY UPCOMING
PHILE: HACKING RSTS).
RECOGNIZING A TOPS
------------------
THE TOPS IS ONE OF THE EASIEST SYS-
TEMS TO RECOGNIZE, PARTLY BECAUSE OF
ITS UNLIKELY PROMPT '@' BUT MOSTLY BE-
CAUSE TOPS IDENTIFIES ITSELF QUITE
OPENLY. A TYPICAL TOPS MIGHT LOOK LIKE
THIS WHEN YOU FIRST CALL AND GET SYSTEM
ATTENTION (WITH <RET> OR ^C):
DEC-20/60 CAMPUS COMPUTER, TOPS-20 MONITOR 5.1(6101)
@
LOGGING ON
----------
TO LOG ON TO A TOPS:
1. TYPE THE WORD 'LOGIN' OR JUST 'LOG'
2. A SPACE
3. A LOG-ON ID
4. A SPACE
5. YOUR PASSWORD
THE LOG-ON ID CONSISTS OF THREE LETTERS
THAT DESIGNATE A USER-GROUP, A PERIOD
AND A USERNAME. EXAMPLE: ABC.GALACTUS
THE PASSWORD DOES NOT ECHO BACK SO YOU
WILL NOT SEE IT AS IT IS TYPED, IT CAN
CONSIST OF AS MUCH AS EIGHT BYTES,
HOWEVER IVE SEEN ONE MAJOR SCHOOLS
SYSTEM THAT ONLY USED THREE. A VALID
LOG-ON MIGHT LOOK LIKE THIS:
@LOG ABC.GALACTUS
JOB 13 ON TTY10 22-APR-87 13:18:19, LAST LOGIN 22-APR-87 13:06:40
@
WHAT YOU CAN DO
---------------
ONE OF THE WONDERFULL THINGS ABOUT
TOPS IS THAT MOST TOPS WILL ALLOW YOU
TO DO LOTS OF THINGS WITHOUT EVEN LOG-
GING IN. MOST SYSTEMS WILL ALLOW YOU
TO VIEW HELP FILES WITHOUT LOGGING IN.
YOU CAN DO THIS BY TYPING HELP FOR
OVER-ALL HELP, HELP ? FOR A LIST OF
AVAILABLE HELP FILES. SOME OF THE BEST
HELP FILES TO VIEW ARE HELP LOGIN AND
HELP COMMANDS. OF COURCE THE SYNTAX IS
@HELP <HELP FILE NAME>
ANOTHER IMPORTANT COMMAND THAT IS
USUALLY AVAILABLE TO YOU IS 'SYSTAT'
OR JUST 'SYS'. THIS COMMAND WILL GIVE
YOU A LIST OF ALL USERS CURRENTLY ON
THE SYSTEM, ALONG WITH THEIR TTY#,
JOB#, AND LOGIN ID. A TYPICAL SYSTAT
MIGHT LOOK LIKE THIS:
@SYSTAT
WED 22-APR-87 11:52:18 UP 2:56:28
16+5 JOBS LOAD AV (CLASS 0) 3.86 3.29 3.38
JOB LINE PROGRAM USER
6 11 EDIT AB.D809-LEX.LUTHOR
8 23 EXEC NOT LOGGED IN
10 5 EDT FG.U790-THE.CRACKER
11 42 EDIT CS.H980-ALPHA.HACKER
12 113 ZORK DS.F198-BIOC.AGENT
13 105 BASIC CS.B788-LISA
15 13 EXEC NOT LOGGED IN
16 10 BASIC CR.D509-THE.WOZ
18 76 EDIT PO.P567-STEVE.MNA
20 30 EXEC PHY.B329-FATAL.ERROR
21 14 EDIT CS.B606-BLITZIOD.??
22 16 EXEC ME.B482-STRYKER
23 1 EXEC CS.B720-LEFTY
24 61 EXEC CS.B708-COSMOS
26* 22 SYSTAT ABC.GALACTUS
27 15 EXEC CS.B619-MIC.RIP.OFF
28 101 BASIC CS.B601-WIZARD
30 115 SNOBOL CS.B708-SILENT.REBEL
32 112 DEVY MA.B278-CAPN.CRUNCH
1 205 PTYCON OPERATOR
2 221 BATCON OPERATOR
3 222 IBMSPL OPERATOR
4 223 OPR OPERATOR
5 54 JOBMON OPERATOR
@
ANOTHER GOOD COMMAND THAT MAY BE AV-
AILABLE TO YOU IS THE 'WHO IS' OR JUST
'WHO' COMMAND. IT WILL GIVE YOU ADDED
DETAILS ON A GIVEN USER AS REFERENCED
BY JOB# TTY# OR LOGIN ID.
WHAT YOU WANT TO DO TO ACCESS A TOPS
IS CALL UP AND DO SEVERAL SYSTAT'S IN
HIGH USAGE PERIODS. YOU WANT TO GAIN
ABOUT 100 LOGIN ID'S IN THIS MANNER.
THEN YOU NEED TO TYPE THEM UP INTO A
FILE. NEXT CREATE A FILE OF LIKELY
PASSWORD (THINK LIKE A USER... FOR
INSTANCE... COLLAGE STUDENT PASSWORDS
MIGHT BE NAMES OF POPULAR ROCK GROUPS)
HELP LOGIN WILL USUALLY TELL YOU HOW
MANY BYTES ARE IN THE PASSWORDS... MOST
SYSTEMS I HAVE FOUND USE EIGHT. IN THAT
CASE GOOD PASSWORDS MIGHT BE COMPUTER
WARGAMES OR MADDONNA. ANYWAY CREATE
A FILE OF ABOUT 100 OF THESE. THEN
WRITE A PASSWORD HACKING PROGRAM THAT
LOADS THEM INTO TWO ARRAYS AND TRIES
ALL POSSIBLE COMBONATIONS. THIS IS 100
* 100 =10,000 ATTEMPTS. THIS IS BOUND
TO GAIN YOU ACCESS.
AFTER YOUR IN
-------------
THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXPLANATION OF
TOPS COMMANDS THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO
ACCESS ONCE YOU ARE IN. (VARIOUS VER-
SIONS OF TOPS DIFFER BUT THE FOLLOWING
ARE COMMON COMMANDS THAT YOU WILL FIND
USEFULL)
ADVISE HELP
THE ADVISE COMMAND LINKS YOUR TERMINAL WITH ANOTHER USER'S TERMINAL
SO THAT YOU CAN GIVE COMMANDS TO THAT USER'S JOB. THE ADVISEE CAN
STILL GIVE COMMANDS TO THE JOB. [NOTE: FOR ADVISE TO WORK, THE
ADVISEE MUST HAVE ISSUED THE RECEIVE ADVISE COMMAND. THE LINK IS
PREVENTED BY DEFAULT OR BY TYPING REFUSE ADVISE.]
THE GENERAL FORM OF THE COMMAND IS
ADVISE USER
WHERE "USER" IS EITHER A USER NAME OR A TERMINAL LINE NUMBER.
WHILE THE ADVISE COMMAND IS IN EFFECT, THE COMMANDS YOU GIVE AFFECT
THE ADVISEE'S JOB INSTEAD OF YOUR OWN. TO END AN ADVISING LINK
THAT YOU HAVE MADE BETWEEN TERMINALS, YOU MUST TYPE CTRL-E, WHICH
IS NOT ECHOED ON EITHER TERMINAL.
USE THE CONTROL-^? (CONTROL UP-ARROW QUESTION MARK) FOR HELP
DURING ADVISE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, SEE THE TOPS-20 COMMAND
REFERENCE MANUAL AND THE RELATED TOPIC OF TALK.
@
TALK HELP
THE TALK COMMAND LINKS YOUR TERMINAL TO ANOTHER USER'S TERMINAL.
TYPE 'TALK ARGUMENT' WHERE "ARGUMENT" IS EITHER A USER-NAME OR A
TERMINAL'S LINE NUMBER. AS SOON AS YOU GIVE A SUCCESSFUL TALK
COMMAND, BOTH TERMINALS BEGIN PRINTING BOTH USERS' TYPING AS WELL
AS SYSTEM RESPONSES TO THAT INPUT. EACH JOB, HOWEVER, RECEIVES
INPUT ONLY FROM ITS OWN TERMINAL.
MESSAGES SENT BETWEEN TERMINALS MAY BE PRECEDED BY ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING:
; TREAT ALL TEXT UP TO END OF LINE AS A MESSAGE.
! TREAT ALL TEXT UP TO THE NEXT "!" (WHICH MUST BE ON THE SA
ME
LINE) AS A MESSAGE. THIS FEATURE ALLOWS YOU TO PUT A MESS
AGE ON
THE SAME LINE AS A COMMAND.
REMARK REGARD ALL INPUT, UP TO A CTRL-Z, AS A MESSAGE, REGARDLESS
OF
INPUT BY THE OTHER USER.
YOU CANNOT USE TALK TO CONTACT A USER WHOSE TERMINAL IS SET TO
REFUSE LINKS. TYPE CTRL-C, AND USE MAIL TO SEND MAIL INSTEAD.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, REFER TO THE TOPS-20 COMMAND REFERENCE MANUAL
OR THE DOCUMENT HLP:TALK.DOC. RELATED HELP TOPICS REFUSE, REMARK,
AND RECEIVE.
@
DEPOSIT HELP
THE DEPOSIT COMMAND CHANGES THE CONTENTS OF A MEMORY LOCATION. THE
SYNTAX IS:
DEPOSIT LOCATION CONTENTS
WHERE "LOCATION" IS THE OCTAL ADDRESS OF A MEMORY LOCATION AND
"CONTENTS" IS AN OCTAL NUMBER TO BE DEPOSITED AT THAT ADDRESS.
DEPOSIT CHANGES ONE MEMORY LOCATION AND LEAVES YOUR TERMINAL AT
TOPS-20 COMMAND LEVEL.
RELATED COMMANDS: DDT, EXAMINE, FORK, SET PAGE-ACCESS. SEE ALSO:
"TOPS-20 COMMAND REFERENCE MANUAL".
@
DIRECTORY HELP
THE DIRECTORY COMMAND LISTS THE NAMES OF FILES IN A SPECIFIED
DIRECTORY. ITS SYNTAX IS:
DIRECTORY <DIRECTORY>NAME.TYPE,
SUBCOMMAND
IF YOU OMIT <DIRECTORY>, YOUR DIRECTORY IS SEARCHED. TO GIVE MORE
THAN ONE FILENAME, SEPARATE THEM WITH COMMAS. IF YOU GIVE NO
FILENAMES, DIRECTORY WILL LIST ALL THE FILES IN THAT DIRECTORY.
YOU MAY USE WILDCARD CHARACTERS (* AND %) WHEN TYPING FILE NAMES.
IF YOU TYPE A COMMA AT THE END OF THE LINE, JUST BEFORE YOU PRESS
RETURN, YOU WILL BE PROMPTED (WITH @@) FOR SUBCOMMANDS.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, SEE THE TOPS-20 COMMAND REFERENCE MANUAL AND
THE RELATED TOPICS OF FDIRECTORY, TDIRECTORY, VDIRECTORY,
SUBCOMMANDS, WILDCARDS, AND DOCUMENTS DIRECTORY-PROTECTION.DOC AND
DIRECTORY-SUBCOMMANDS.DOC IN THE HELP DIRECTORY (LOGICAL HLP:).
@
EXAMINE HELP
EXAMINE DISPLAYS, IN OCTAL, THE CONTENTS OF A MEMORY LOCATION WHOSE
OCTAL ADDRESS YOU SPECIFY. THE SYNTAX IS:
EXAMINE ADDRESS
THE CONTENTS WILL BE DISPLAYED AS TWO 6-DIGIT OCTAL NUMBERS
SEPARATED BY A PAIR OF COMMAS (,,). THE TWO NUMBERS ARE THE LEFT
AND RIGHT HALVES OF THE 36-BIT WORD. IF THE LEFT HALF IS ZERO,
ONLY THE RIGHT HALF IS DISPLAYED, WITHOUT THE COMMAS.
RELATED COMMANDS: DDT, DEPOSIT. SEE ALSO: HELP DDT, HELP DEPOSIT,
"TOPS-20 COMMANDS REFERENCE MANUAL".
@
EXECUTE HELP
THE EXECUTE COMMAND COMPILES SPECIFIED FILES (IF NEEDED), LOADS
THEM INTO MEMORY, THEN BEGINS EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM. THE
COMMAND HAS THE FORM:
EXECUTE /SWITCH SOURCE/SWITCH OBJECT,...
WHERE SOURCE IS THE NAME OF THE SOURCE PROGRAM AND OBJECT IS THE
NAME OF THE RELOCATABLE BINARY FILE. IF "OBJECT" IS NOT SPECIFIED,
THE OBJECT FILE WILL KEEP THE NAME OF THE SOURCE FILE WITH FILE
TYPE REL. THE FILENAMES OF THESE FILES ARE RESTRICTED TO
6-CHARACTER NAMES AND 3-CHARACTER TYPES.
IF SWITCHES ARE PLACED BEFORE ALL FILES IN THE COMMAND (GLOBAL
SWITCHES), THEY ACT AS DEFAULTS FOR ALL; OTHERWISE THEY AFFECT ONLY
THE FILE WHOSE NAME IMMEDIATELY PRECEDES THE SWITCH. FOR A LIST OF
AVAILABLE SWITCHES, SEE HLP:LOAD-CLASS-SWITCHES.DOC.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, SEE THE TOPS-20 COMMAND REFERENCE MANUAL AND
THE RELATED TOPICS OF COMPILE, DEBUG, LOAD, AND RUN.
@
IN ADDITION MOST STSTEMS HAVE AN E-MAIL
SYSTEM OF SOME SORT AND VARIOUS LANGUAG-
ES WHICH CAN BE ACCESSED SIMPLY BY
TYPING THE LANGUAGE NAME, SUCH AS
BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL AND PASCAL
SPECIAL FEATURES
----------------
'?' AS A PAREMATER LISTS ALL AVAILABLE
PAREMATERS.
^C = BREAK KEY
^[ (ESCAPE KEY) = COMPLETES A COMMAND
AFTER THE FIRST 3 BYTES HAVE BEEN
ENTERRED.
OTHER BLITZIOD ?? & GALACTUS ** AS OF
APRIL 22 1987
1. USING DIVERTERS
2. HACKING THE HP2000 (PARTS 1-6)
3. HACKING THE HP3000
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= END OF PHILE =
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