From: Harlequin <harlequin@fnord.org.uk>
Newsgroups: alt.2600,alt.2600.hackerz
Subject: How to Hack - Info for Newbies (1/2)
Expires: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 12:00:00 GMT
[Note: Please DO NOT reply to this post quoting its entirety!
Downloading costs many people real money. H.]
--
"You hack to LEARN, you do not LEARN to hack."
[Xaos]
Advice for those wanting to learn "how to hack":
1. Read newsgroups like this one for a few weeks, at least;
2. Read the alt.2600 FAQ (posted in alt.2600 about twice a
week)
3. Read books;
[Note from LearningInProgress (LIP): This is perhaps the best advice you
can anybody concerning hacking or computer security in general. The
rest I would ignore until you fundamentally learn what the system
administrator knows himself or herself. Better yet, set up your own
network with cheap PCs in your bedroom to practice and learn more about
networking. At least if you screw up, you can examine your own security
logs and see where. And the best part is you won't go to jail.]
4. Track down web sites and text files (like the one at the end
of this post).
5. Read my posts of VisiGoth's "Newbies: Information Overload"
post (to be found in alt.2600, alt.2600.hackerz and alt.hacker). His
"HowTo: Makeshift Linux Network @ Home .." (in the same NGs) might also
prove useful. British readers should find Vortex's "Links and
Information for UK newbies" (latterly posted monthly by Michael to
alt.2600 and alt.ph.uk) to be worthwhile reading.
Further advice from LiP:
Some core competencies I think are required to hacking are:
(1) understanding of programming languages (high level and low level)
(2) understanding of how software interacts with hardware
(3) understanding of cryptography and how cryptanalysis works
(4) understanding of networks, both unix and NT
(5) understanding of multiple operating systems and how they are
developed.
(6) common sense and the willingness to learn
Tanstaafl (David Dune) runs a hackers newsletter. E-mail
info-rphh@*technologist.com?subject=FAQ and/or
info-rphh@*technologist.com?subject=Subscribe (are the asterisks meant
to be there?) and get back issues from
http://www.jasper.force9.co.uk/Rphh/Index.html
Apparently, Death Incarnate runs another newsletter. E-mail him at
ccusa@geocities.com.
Tips for item 4: You can make a start by looking at...
http://www.cotse.com
http://www.rootshell.com
http://www.thecodex.com/hacking.html
http://www.geek-girl.com/bugtraq/
http://www.damnation.net
http://visigoth.isCool.net
http://desperado.port5.com
http://www.phrack.com
http://www.hackers.com
http://www.hackernews.com/orig/harvard.html
http://daft010.cjb.net
http://www.warforge.com
http://www.informit.com/
http://www.itlibrary.com/
http://www.aviary-mag.com
http://www.developer.com/reference/r_library.html
http://www.happyhacker.org
http://www.haqd.demon.co.uk
http://www.cert.org
http://www.iss.net
http://www.counterpane.com
http://www.intel.com
http://www.escape.com/~quagmire/unixgrou.txt
http://www.nmrc.org
http://www.hackershomepage.com
http://spawnedseed.virtualave.net
http://w1.340.telia.com/~u34002171/hhd.html
http://earthspace.net/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html
http://www.xmission.com/~ryder/hack.html
http://www.hackersclub.com/km/library/index.html
http://members.xoom.com/2600ng
ftp://ftp.sfo.com/users/informix
http://www.mediaport.org/~adehaas/index.html
http://www.mc2.nu/text.html
http://www.blacknemesis.org
Also, have a peek at some of the other sites mentioned in messages
posted to this group.
H.
P.S. A sample of what you can find. I've included a number of relevant
comments from LearningInProgress:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+
+ THE ULTIMATE BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO HACKING AND PHREAKING +
+
+
+ BY
+
+ REVELATION
+
+ LOA--ASH
+
+
+
+ Written: 08/4/96 Volume: 1 +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[Note from zimzum: I have read that guide and when i was getting started
it DID help me but unfortunately, like most of the hacking textfiles on
the net, the info is becoming fast outdated and therefore very
dangerous. For example, in a lot of places, the new digital phone
networks can now detect a beige box and the cops will be there in 3-5
minutes H.]
[Note from Hobbit: Couple quick notes on the How to Hack post by
Harlequin [presumably a reference to Revelation's Guide H.]; boxing and
scanning are newbee no-no's now. since the advent of digital switching
(mid 1980's) tone boxing will set off alarms at the home offices of your
local phone company. don't expect black helicopters to land; do expect
"expensive sunglasses and cheap suits" to come knockin' if you insist on
trying this from home. scanning a prefix will _also_ draw all kinds of
the wrong kind of attention. the big computers at the local phone
company are (so i hear) set to look for scanning attempts by recognizing
blocks of dialing attempts from any single number. a way around this is
to hammer a few at a time, wait a bit. and then a few more. to really
cover tracks you can randomize (shuffle) the numbers list and hit the
numbers a few here and a few there with no set pattern to recognize.
this is an example of why you'll need to learn to program to hack; you
should be able to cobble up a simple random war-dialer that "sleeps"
like i've described here, consider it a class project. for the more
advanced, (and adventurous) scanning and tone-boxing can be combined
with the alligator-clips-on-a-neighbor's-line method for a humorous
example of creative payback (as well as gathering valuable information,
natch). only do this A> to people you don't like, and B> if you can keep
a straight face when all the "plumbing vans" set up shop next to the
victims property :) H.]
This document was written in Windows 95 Word Pad. The title
above, and some of the text looks a little screwed up when read in
anything else, so read it in Word Pad. [Not this version. H.] Anyway,
for those of you who are wondering "what do the letters "LOA" under his
handle stand for?" Well, LOA stands for Legion Of the Apocalypse, which
is a group of elite hackers and phreakers in my area.
The current members of LOA are:
Revelation, Phreaked Out, Hack Attack, Electric Jaguar, and Phreak
Show
I started LOA when I discovered that there were many good
hackers and phreakers in my area. I thought that an organized group of
hackers and phreakers would accomplish much more than an individual
could by himself. Thus the Legion Of the Apocalypse was formed and has
been around for a while since. Our main goal is to show the public what
hacking and phreaking is all about and to reveal confidential
information to the hacking/phreaking community so that we can learn more
about computers, telephones, electronics, etc. We are hoping to get our
own World Wide Web page soon, so keep an eye out for it. It will
contain all of the hacking, phreaking, computer, telephone,security,
electronics, virus, and carding information that you could possibly
want.
Also, if some of you are wondering why I chose the word
Revelation as my handle, well, Revelation means revealing or unveiling,
which is exactly what I intend to do as a hacker/phreaker. I intend to
reveal all the information that I can gather while hacking and
phreaking.
Anyway, I wrote this document because I have read all the files
that I could get my hands on and noticed that there has never been a
really good file written that guided beginning hackers and phreakers
step by step.
When I began hacking and started reading all of the beginner
files, I still had many un-answered questions. My questions were
eventually answered, but only through LOTS of reading and practice. In
this file, I hope to give basic step by step instructions that will help
beginning hackers and phreakers get started. But, DO NOT think that
this will save you from having to read alot. If you want to be a
hacker/phreaker, reading is the most important thing you can do. You
will have to do ALOT of reading no matter what.
This document was intended for beginners, but it can also be
used as a reference tool for advanced hackers and phreakers.
Please distribute this document freely. Give it to anyone that
you know who is interested in hacking and/or phreaking. Post it on your
World Wide Web page, Ftp sites, and BBS's. Do whatever you want with it
as long as it stays UNCHANGED.
As far as I know, this is the most complete and in depth
beginners guide available, that is why I wrote it. Also, I plan to have
new volumes come out whenever there has been a significant change in the
material provided, so keep an eye out for them. LOA is planning on
starting an on-line magazine, so look for that too. And we are also
starting a hacking business. Owners of businesses can hire us to hack
into their systems to find the security faults. The name of this company
is A.S.H. (American Security Hackers), and it is run by LOA. If you have
any questions about this company, or would like to hire us, or just want
security advice, please E-Mail A.S.H. at "an641839@anon.penet.fi".
This document is divided into three main sections with many
different sub-sections in them. The Table Of Contents is below:
Table Of Contents:
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
B. Why hack?
C. Hacking rules
D. Getting started
E. Where and how to start hacking
F. Telenet commands
G. Telenet dialups
H. Telenet DNIC's
I. Telenet NUA's
J. Basic UNIX hacking
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
L. Basic PRIME hacking
M. Password list
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
II. PHREAKING
A. What is phreaking?
B. Why phreak?
C. Phreaking rules
D. Where and how to start phreaking
E. Boxes and what they do
F. Red Box plans
G. Free calling from COCOT's
H. ANAC numbers
III. REFERENCE
A. Hacking and phreaking W.W.W. pages
B. Good hacking and phreaking text files
C. Hacking and phreaking Newsgroups
D. Rainbow Books
E. Hacking and phreaking magazines
F. Hacking and phreaking movies
G. Hacking and phreaking Gopher sites
H. Hacking and phreaking Ftp sites
I. Hacking and phreaking BBS's
J. Cool hackers and phreakers
K. Hacker's Manifesto
L. Happy hacking!
* DISCLAIMER *
"Use this information at your own risk. I Revelation, nor any
other member of LOA, nor the persons providing this file, will NOT
assume ANY responsibility for the use, misuse, or abuse, of the
information provided herein. The following information is provided for
educational purposes ONLY. The informaion is NOT to be used for illegal
purposes. By reading this file you ARE AGREEING to the following terms:
I understand that using this information is illegal. I agree to, and
understand, that I am responsible for my own actions. If I get into
trouble using this information for the wrong reasons, I promise not to
place the blame on Revelation, LOA, or anyone that provided this file. I
understand that this information is for educational purposes only. This
file may be used to check your security systems and if you would like a
thorough check contact A.S.H.
This file is basically a compilation of known hacking and
phreaking information and some information gathered from my own
experience as a hacker/phreaker. I have tried to make sure that
everything excerpted from other documents was put in quotes and labeled
with the documents name, and if known, who wrote it. I am sorry if any
mistakes were made with quoted information."
*-Revelation-*
LOA
[Further disclaimer: This document contains some very personal political
views that are not shared by all those who think of themselves as
"hackers". Sometimes the "we" that the author refers to is a very small
group. Think about it: do you want everyone to have free access to YOUR
personal data? H.]
I. HACKING
A. What is hacking?
Hacking is the act of penetrating computer systems to gain
knowledge about the system and how it works.
Hacking is illegal because we demand free access to ALL data,
and we get it. This pisses people off and we are outcasted from society,
and in order to stay out of prison, we must keep our status of being a
hacker/phreaker a secret. We can't discuss our findings with anyone but
other members of the hacking/phreaking community for fear of being
punished. We are punished for wanting to learn. Why is the government
spending huge amounts of time and money to arrest hackers when there are
other much more dangerous people out there. It is the murderers,
rapists, terrorists, kidnappers, and burglers who should be punished for
what they have done, not hackers. We do NOT pose a threat to anyone. We
are NOT out to hurt people or there computers. I admit that there are
some people out there who call themselves hackers and who deliberately
damage computers. But these people are criminals, NOT hackers. I don't
care what the government says, we are NOT criminals. We are NOT trying
to alter or damage any system. This is widely misunderstood. Maybe one
day people will believe us when we say that all we want is to learn.
[And one day the prices of the network hardware will go down far enough
so we can learn in our own homes. I think this is quickly approaching,
more so then in the past. LIP] [The cost of home networking is falling
at a dramatic rate as we reach the end of the 20th century. H.]
There are only two ways to get rid of hackers and phreakers. One
is to get rid of computers and telephones, in which case we would find
other means of getting what we want.(Like that is really going to
happen.) The other way is to give us what we want, which is free access
to ALL information. Until one of those two things happen, we are not
going anywhere.
B. Why hack?
As said above, we hack to gain knowledge about systems and the
way they work. We do NOT want to damage systems in any way. If you do
damage a system, you WILL get caught. But, if you don't damage anything,
it is very unlikely that you will be noticed, let alone be tracked down
and arrested, which costs a considerable amount of time and money.
Beginners should read all the files that they can get their
hands on about anything even remotely related to hacking and phreaking,
BEFORE they start hacking. I know it sounds stupid and boring but it
will definetly pay off in the future. The more you read about hacking
and phreaking, the more unlikely it is that you will get caught. Some of
the most useless pieces of information that you read could turn out to
be the most helpful. That is why you need to read everything possible.
[Read everything you can get your hands on. And check out a book
entitled Computer Organization & Design. It's extremely long, but it's
worth reading. Also, find on the net the book entitled the Art of
Assembly. Since you can only dissassemble back to assembly to a degree
and not to C or C++, learning assembly is good for understanding how the
software interacts with the hardware. And this will allow you to find
new vulnerabilities not posted on http://www.cert.org . LIP]
C. Hacking rules
1. Never damage any system. This will only get you into trouble.
2. Never alter any of the systems files, except for those needed to
insure that you are not detected, and those to insure that you have
access into that computer in the future.
3. Do not share any information about your hacking projects with
anyone but those you'd trust with your life.
4. When posting on BBS's (Bulletin Board Systems) be as vague as
possible when describing your current hacking projects. BBS's CAN be
monitered by law enforcement.
5. Never use anyone's real name or real phone number when posting
on a BBS.
6. Never leave your handle on any systems that you hack in to.
7. DO NOT hack government computers.
8. Never speak about hacking projects over your home telephone
line.
9. Be paranoid. Keep all of your hacking materials in a safe
place.
[Buy a shredder and write your own crypto. Yep, ya gotta learn
cryptography too. LIP]
10. To become a real hacker, you have to hack. You can't just sit
around reading text files and hanging out on BBS's. This is not what
hacking is all about.
[But first hack your own shit. Jail isn't a good thing. LIP]
D. Getting started
The very first thing you need to do is get a copy of PKZIP or
some other file unzipping utility. Nearly everything that you download
from the Internet or from a BBS will be zipped. A zipped file is a file
that has been compressed. Zipped files end with the extension ".zip".
Then you need to get yourself a good prefix scanner.(also known
as a War Dialer) This is a program that automatically dials phone
numbers beginning with the three numbers (prefix) that you specify. It
checks to see if the number dialed has a carrier.(series of beeps that
tells you that you have dialed a computer) Try and find a large
business area prefix to scan. It is these businesses that have
interesting computers. There are many good scanners out there, but I
would recommend Autoscan or A-Dial. These are very easy to use and get
the job done quickly and efficiently.
[And if you intend to use a war dialer, get a good job to pay for your
phone bill and check your local laws concerning scanning. You can also
use social engineering techniques before even attempting to break into a
system. Check out the book entitled Corporate Espionage for more info.
LIP]
E. Where and how to start hacking
After you get yourself a good scanner, scan some prefixes and
find some cool dialups, then do the following: From your terminal, dial
the number you found. Then you should hear a series of beeps (carrier)
which tells you that you are connecting to a remote computer. It should
then say something like "CONNECT 9600" and then identify the system that
you are on. If nothing happens after it says "CONNECT 9600" try hitting
enter a few times. If you get a bunch of garbage adjust your parity,
data bits, stop bits, baud rate, etc., until it becomes clear.
That is one way of connecting to a remote computer. Another way
is through Telenet or some other large network. Telenet is a very large
network that has many other networks and remote computers connected to
it.
Ok, here is how you would connect to a remote computer through
Telenet:
First, you get your local dialup(phone number) from the list
that I have provided in Section G. Then you dial the number from your
terminal and connect.(If you get a bunch of garbage try changing your
parity to odd and your data bits to 7, this should clear it up.) If it
just sits there hit enter and wait a few seconds, then hit enter again.
Then it will say "TERMINAL=" and you type in your terminal emulation. If
you don't know what it is just hit enter. Then it will give you a prompt
that looks like "@". From there you type "c" and then the NUA (Network
User Address) that you want to connect to. After you connect to the NUA,
the first thing you need to do is find out what type of system you are
on.(i.e. UNIX, VAX/VMS, PRIME, etc.)
There are other things that you can do on Telenet besides
connecting to an NUA. Some of these commands and functions are listed in
the next section.
You can only connect to computers which accept reverse charging.
The only way you can connect to computers that don't accept reverse
charging is if you have a Telenet account. You can try hacking these. To
do this, at the "@" prompt type "access". It will then ask you for your
Telenet ID and password.
Telenet is probably the safest place to start hacking because of
the large numbers of calls that they get. Make sure you call during
business hours (late morning or early afternoon) so there are many other
people on-line.
[Don't hack into a system until you know what the system is. That is,
if you wanna go after Ameritech, it's good to know that they use an HP
UNIX box before attempting anything. LIP]
F. Telenet commands
[Make sure to read the documentation concerning the telnet terminal
you are using. LIP]
Here is a list of some Telenet commands and their functions.
This is only a partial list. Beginners probably won't use these
commands, but I put them here for reference anyway.
COMMAND FUNCTION
c Connect to a host.
stat Shows network port.
full Network echo.
half Terminal echo.
telemail Mail.(need ID and password)
mail Mail.(need ID and password)
set Select PAD parameters
cont Continue.
d Disconnect.
hangup Hangs up.
access Telenet account.(ID and password)
G. Telenet dialups
Here is the list of all the Telenet dialups that I know of in
the U.S.A., including the city, state, and area code:
[Note corrections at end of list. H.]
STATE,CITY: AREA CODE: NUMBER:
AL, Anniston 205 236-9711
AL, Birmingham 205 328-2310
AL, Decatur 205 355-0206
AL, Dothan 205 793-5034
AL, Florence 205 767-7960
AL, Huntsville 205 539-2281
AL, Mobile 205 432-1680
AL, Montgomery 205 269-0090
AL, Tuscaloosa 205 752-1472
AZ, Phoenix 602 254-0244
AZ, Tucson 602 747-0107
AR, Ft.Smith 501 782-2852
AR, Little Rock 501 327-4616
CA, Bakersfield 805 327-8146
CA, Chico 916 894-6882
CA, Colton 714 824-9000
CA, Compton 213 516-1007
CA, Concord 415 827-3960
CA, Escondido 619 741-7756
CA, Eureka 707 444-3091
CA, Fresno 209 233-0961
CA, Garden Grove 714 898-9820
CA, Glendale 818 507-0909
CA, Hayward 415 881-1382
CA, Los Angeles 213 624-2251
CA, Marina Del Rey 213 306-2984
CA, Merced 209 383-2557
CA, Modesto 209 576-2852
CA, Montery 408 646-9092
CA, Norwalk 213 404-2237
CA, Oakland 415 836-4911
CA, Oceanside 619 430-0613
CA, Palo Alto 415 856-9995
CA, Pomona 714 626-1284
CA, Sacramento 916 448-6262
CA, Salinas 408 443-4940
CA, San Carlos 415 591-0726
CA, San Diego 619 233-0233
CA, San Francisco 415 956-5777
CA, San Jose 408 294-9119
CA, San Pedro 213 548-6141
CA, San Rafael 415 472-5360
CA, San Ramon 415 829-6705
CA, Santa Ana 714 558-7078
CA, Santa Barbara 805 682-5361
CA, Santa Cruz 408 429-6937
CA, Santa Rosa 707 656-6760
CA, Stockton 209 957-7610
CA, Thousand Oaks 805 495-3588
CA, Vallejo 415 724-4200
CA, Ventura 805 656-6760
CA, Visalia 209 627-1201
CA, West Covina 818 915-5151
CA, Woodland Hills 818 887-3160
C0, Colorado 719 635-5361
CO, Denver 303 337-6060
CO, Ft. Collins 303 493-9131
CO, Grand Junction 303 241-3004
CO, Greeley 303 352-8563
[Note from Japhy: Grand Junction, Fort Collins and Greeley have been 970
for over 5 years now. H]
CO, Pueblo 719 542-4053
CT, Bridgeport 203 335-5055
CT, Danbury 203 794-9075
CT, Hartford 203 247-9479
CT, Middletown 203 344-8217
CT, New Britain 203 225-7027
CT, New Haven 203 624-5954
CT, New London 203 447-8455
CT, Norwalk 203 866-7404
CT, Stamford 203 348-0787
CT, Waterbury 203 753-4512
DE, Dover 302 678-8328
DE, Newark 302 454-7710
DC, Washington 202 429-7896
DC, Washington 202 429-7800
FL, Boca Raton 407 338-3701
FL, Cape Coral 813 275-7924
FL, Cocoa Beach 407 267-0800
FL, Daytona Beach 904 255-2629
FL, Ft. Lauderdale 305 764-4505
FL, Gainsville 904 338-0220
FL, Jacksonville 904 353-1818
FL, Lakeland 813 683-5461
FL, Melbourne 407 242-8247
FL, Miami 305 372-0230
FL, Naples 813 263-3033
FL, Ocala 904 351-3790
FL, Orlando 407 422-4099
FL, Pensacola 904 432-1335
FL, Pompano Beach 305 941-5445
FL, St. Petersburg 813 323-4026
FL, Sarasota 813 923-4563
FL, Tallahassee 904 681-1902
FL, Tampa 813 224-9920
FL, West Palm Beach 407 833-6691
GA, Albany 912 888-3011
GA, Athens 404 548-5590
GA, Atlanta 404 523-0834
GA, Augusta 404 724-2752
GA, Colombus 404 571-0556
GA, Macon 912 743-8844
GA, Rome 404 234-1428
GA, Savannah 912 236-2605
HI, Oahu 808 528-0200
ID, Boise 208 343-0611
ID, Idaho Falls 208 529-0406
ID, Lewiston 208 743-0099
ID, Pocatella 208 232-1764
IL, Aurora 312 896-0620
IL, Bloomington 309 827-7000
IL, Chicago 312 938-0600
IL, Decatur 217 429-0235
IL, Dekalb 815 758-2623
IL, Joliet 815 726-0070
IL, Peoria 309 637-8570
IL, Rockford 815 965-0400
IL, Springfield 217 753-1373
IL, Urbana 217 384-6428
IN, Bloomington 812 332-1344
IN, Evansville 812 424-7693
IN, Ft. Wayne 219 426-2268
IN, Gary 219 882-8800
IN, Indianapolis 317 299-0024
IN, Kokomo 317 455-2460
IN, Lafayette 317 742-6000
IN, Muncie 317 282-6418
IN, South Bend 219 233-7104
IN, Terre Haute 812 232-5329
IA, Ames 515 233-6300
IA, Cedar Rapids 319 364-0911
IA, Davenport 319 324-2445
IA, Des Moines 515 288-4403
IA, Dubuque 319 556-0783
IA, Iowa City 319 351-1421
IA, Sioux City 712 255-1545
IA, Waterloo 319 232-5441
KS, Lawrence 913 843-8124
KS, Manhattan 913 537-0948
KS, Salina 913 825-7900
KS, Topeka 913 233-9880
KS, Wichita 316 262-5669
KY, Bowling Green 502 782-7941
KY, Frankfort 502 875-4654
KY, Lexington 606 233-0312
KY, Louisville 502 589-5580
KY, Owensboro 502 686-8107
LA, Alexandria 318 445-1053
LA, Baton Rouge 504 343-0753
LA, Lafayette 318 233-0002
LA, Lake Charles 318 436-0518
LA, Monroe 318 387-6330
LA, New Orleans 504 524-4094
LA, Shreveport 318 221-5833
ME, Augusta 207 622-3123
ME, Brewer 207 989-3081
ME, Lewiston 207 784-0105
ME, Portland 207 761-4000
MD, Annapolis 301 224-8550
MD, Baltimore 301 727-6060
MD, Frederick 301 293-9596
MA, Boston 617 292-0662
MA, Brockton 508 580-0721
MA, Fall River 508 677-4477
MA, Framingham 508 879-6798
MA, Lawrence 508 975-2273
MA, Lexington 617 863-1550
MA, Lowell 508 937-5214
MA, New Bedford 508 999-2915
MA, Northampton 413 586-0510
MA, Pittsfield 413 499-7741
MA, Salem 508 744-1559
MA, Springfield 413 781-3811
MA, Woods Hole 508 540-7500
MA, Worcester 508 755-4740
MI, Ann Arbor 313 996-5995
MI, Battle Creek 616 968-0929
MI, Detroit 313 964-2988
MI, Flint 313 235-8517
MI, Grand Rapids 616 774-0966
MI, Jackson 517 782-8111
MI, Kalamazoo 616 345-3088
MI, Lansing 517 484-0062
MI, Midland 517 832-7068
MI, Muskegon 616 726-5723
MI, Pontiac 313 332-5120
MI, Port Huron 313 982-8364
MI, Saginaw 517 790-5166
MI, Southfield 313 827-4710
MI, Traverse City 616 946-2121
MI, Warren 313 575-9152
MN, Duluth 218 722-1719
MN, Mankato 517 388-3780
MN, Minneapolis 612 341-2459
MN, Rochester 507 282-5917
MN, St. Cloud 612 253-2064
MS, Gulfport 601 863-0024
MS, Jackson 601 969-0036
MS, Meridian 601 482-2210
MS, Starkville 601 324-2155
MO, Columbia 314 449-4404
MO, Jefferson City 314 634-5178
MO, Kansas City 816 221-9900
MO, St. Joseph 816 279-4797
MO, St. Louis 314 421-4990
MO, Springfield 417 864-4814
MT, Billings 406 245-7649
MT, Great Falls 406 771-0067
MT, Helena 406 443-0000
MT, Missoula 406 721-5900
NE, Lincoln 402 475-4964
NE, Omaha 402 341-7733
NV, Las Vegas 702 737-6861
NV, Reno 702 827-6900
NH, Concord 603 224-1024
NH, Durham 603 868-2924
NH, Manchester 603 627-8725
NH, Nashua 603 880-6241
NH, Portsmouth 603 431-2302
NJ, Atlantic City 609 348-0561
NJ, Freehold 201 780-5030
NJ, Hackensack 201 488-6567
NJ, Marlton 609 596-1500
NJ, Merchantville 609 663-9297
NJ, Morristown 201 455-0275
NJ, New Brunswick 201 745-2900
NJ, Newark 201 623-0469
NJ, Passaic 201 778-5600
NJ, Paterson 201 684-7560
NJ, Princeton 609 799-5587
NJ, Rahway 201 815-1885
NJ, Redbank 201 571-0003
NJ, Roseland 201 227-5277
NJ, Sayreville 201 525-9507
NJ, Trenton 609 989-8847
NM, Albuquerque 505 243-4479
NM, Las Cruces 505 526-9191
NM, Santa Fe 505 473-3403
NY, Albany 518 465-8444
NY, Binghampton 607 772-6642
NY, Buffalo 716 847-1440
NY, Dear Park 516 667-5566
NY, Hempstead 516 292-3800
NY, Ithaca 607 277-2142
NY, New York City 212 741-8100
NY, New York City 212 620-6000
NY, Plattsburgh 518 562-1890
NY, Poughkeepsie 914 473-2240
NY, Rochester 716 454-1020
NY, Syracuse 315 472-5583
NY, Utica 315 797-0920
NY, Whit Plains 914 328-9199
NC, Asheville 704 252-9134
NC, Charlotte 704 332-3131
NC, Fayetteville 919 323-8165
NC, Gastonia 704 865-4708
NC, Greensboro 919 273-2851
NC, High Point 919 889-7494
NC, North Wilkesboro 919 838-9034
NC, Raleigh 919 834-8254
NC, Res Tri Park 919 549-8139
NC, Tarboro 919 823-0579
NC, Wilmington 919 763-8313
NC, Winston-Salem 919 725-2126
ND, Fargo 701 235-7717
ND, Grand Forks 701 775-7813
ND, Mandan 701 663-2256
OH, Canton 216 452-0903
OH, Cincinnati 513 579-0390
OH, Cleveland 216 575-1658
OH, Colombus 614 463-9340
OH, Dayton 513 461-5254
OH, Elyria 216 323-5059
OH, Hamilton 513 863-4116
OH, Kent 216 678-5115
OH, Lorain 216 960-1170
OH, Mansfield 419 526-0686
OH, Sandusky 419 627-0050
OH, Springfield 513 324-1520
OH, Toledo 419 255-7881
OH, Warren 216 394-0041
OH, Wooster 216 264-8920
OH, Youngstown 216 743-1296
OK, Bartlesville 918 336-3675
OK, Lawton 405 353-0333
OK, Oklahoma City 405 232-4546
OK, Stillwater 405 624-1113
OK, Tulsa 918 584-3247
OR, Corvallis 503 754-9273
OR, Eugena 503 683-1460
OR, Hood River 503 386-4405
OR, Klamath Falls 503 882-6282
OR, Medford 503 779-6343
OR, Portland 503 295-3028
OR, Salem 503 378-7712
PA, Allentown 215 435-3330
PA, Altoona 814 949-0310
PA, Carlisle 717 249-9311
PA, Danville 717 271-0102
PA, Erie 814 899-2241
PA, Harrisburg 717 236-6882
PA, Johnstown 814 535-7576
PA, King Of Prussia 215 337-4300
PA, Lancaster 717 295-5405
PA, Philadelphia 215 574-9462
PA, Pittsburgh 412 288-9950
PA, Reading 215 376-8750
PA, Scranton 717 961-5321
PA, State College 814 231-1510
PA, Wilkes-Barre 717 829-3108
PA, Williamsport 717 494-1796
PA, York 717 846-6550
RI, Providence 401 751-7910
SC, Charleston 803 722-4303
SC, Columbia 803 254-0695
SC, Greenville 803 233-3486
SC, Spartenburg 803 585-1637
SC, Pierre 605 224-0481
SC, Rapid City 605 348-2621
SC, Sioux Falls 605 336-8593
TN, Bristol 615* 968-1130
TN, Chattanooga 615* 756-1161
TN, Clarksville 615 552-0032
TN, Johnson City 615* 282-6645
TN, Knoxville 615* 525-5500
TN, Memphis 901 521-0215
TN, Nashville 615 244-3702
TN, Oak Ridge 615* 481-3590
[* Note from "Chris": The area code for the telenet sites in East
Tennessee have changed from 615 to 423....
Bristol
TN, Chattanooga
TN, Johnson City
TN, Knoxville
TN, Oak Ridge H.]
TX, Abilene 915 676-9151
TX, Amarillo 806 373-0458
TX, Athens 214 677-1712
TX, Austin 512 928-1130
TX, Brownsville 512 542-0367
TX, Bryan 409 822-0159
TX, Corpus Christi 512 884-9030
TX, Dallas 214 748-6371
TX, El Paso 915 532-7907
TX, Ft. Worth 817 332-4307
TX, Galveston 409 762-4382
TX, Houston 713 227-1018
TX, Laredo 512 724-1791
TX, Longview 214 236-4205
TX, Lubbock 806 747-4121
TX, Mcallen 512 686-5360
TX, Midland 915 561-9811
TX, Nederland 409 722-3720
TX, San Angelo 915 944-7612
TX, San Antonio 512 225-8004
TX, Sherman 214 893-4995
TX, Temple 817 773-9723
TX, Tyler 214 597-8925
TX, Waco 817 752-9743
TX, Wichita Falls 817 322-3774
UT, Ogden 801 627-1630
UT, Provo 801 373-0542
UT, Salt Lake City 801 359-0149
VT, Burlington 802 864-0808
VT, Montpelier 802 229-4966
VT, Rutland 802 775-1676
VT, White River Jct. 802 295-7631
VA, Blacksburg 703 552-9181
VA, Charlottesville 804 977-5330
VA, Covington 703 962-2217
VA, Fredericksburg 703 371-0188
VA, Harrisonburg 703 434-7121
VA, Herndon 703 435-1800
VA, Lynchburg 804 845-0010
VA, Newport News 804 596-6600
VA, Norfolk 804 625-1186
VA, Richmond 804 788-9902
VA, Roanoke 703 344-2036
WA, Auburn 206 939-9982
WA, Bellingham 206 733-2720
WA, Everett 206 775-9929
WA, Longview 206 577-5835
WA, Olympia 206 754-0460
WA, Richland 509 943-0649
WA, Seattle 206 625-9612
WA, Spokane 509 455-4071
WA, Tacoma 206 627-1791
WA, Vancouver 206 693-6914
WA, Wenatchee 509 663-6227
WA, Yakima 509 575-1060
WV, Charleston 304 343-6471
WV, Huntington 304 523-2802
WV, Morgantown 304 292-0104
WV, Wheeling 304 233-7732
WI, Beloit 608 362-5287
WI, Eau Claire 715 836-9295
WI, Green Bay 414 432-2815
WI, Kenosha 414 552-9242
WI, La Crosse 608 784-0560
WI, Madison 608 257-5010
WI, Milwaukee 414 271-3914
WI, Neenah 414 722-7636
WI, Racine 414 632-6166
WI, Sheboygan 414 452-3995
WI, Wausau 715 845-9584
WI, West Bend 414 334-2206
WY, Casper 307 265-5167
WY, Cheyenne 307 638-4421
WY, Laramie 307 721-5878
[From: darkcynthy
there are a few old area codes in the "g" section. I have corrected the
ones I know about.
AL, Anniston 256 236-9711
AL, Dothan 334 793-5034
AL, Mobile 334 432-1680
AL, Montgomery 334 269-0090
FL, Pensacola 850 432-1335
========
From: Justin McGregor
Here are a few others that I know of:
TN, Chattanooga 423
TN, Knoxville 423
TN, Oak Ridge 423
I know some of the other TN area codes are different, but I'm going to
have to find a better reference than what I have to find the rest.
==========
You might also find a more recent list at
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Network/4349/Telenet-top.html
H.]
H. Telenet DNIC's
Here is the list of all the Telenet DNIC's. These will be
defined and explained in the next section:
DNIC: NETWORK:
02041 Datanet-1
02062 DCS
02080 Transpac
02284 Telepac (Switzerland)
02322 Datex-P (Austria)
02392 Radaus
02342 PSS
02382 Datapak (Denmark)
02402 Datapak (Sweden)
02405 Telepak
02442 Finpak
02624 Datex-P (West Germany)
02704 Luxpac
02724 Eirpak
03020 Datapac
03028 Infogram
03103 ITT/UDTS (U.S.A.)
03106 Tymnet
03110 Telenet
03340 Telepac (Mexico)
03400 UDTS (Curacau)
04251 Isranet
04401 DDX-P
04408 Venus-P
04501 Dacom-Net
04542 Intelpak
05052 Austpac
05053 Midas
05252 Telepac (Hong Kong)
05301 Pacnet
06550 Saponet
07240 Interdata
07241 Renpac
07421 Dompac
09000 Dialnet
I. Telenet NUA's
Here is a list of a few Telenet NUA's and what type of system
they are. But first, this is how an NUA is put together:
031106170023700
\ /\ / \ /
| | |
DNIC Area NUA
Code
The DNIC says which network connected to Telenet you are using.
The area code is the area code for the area that the NUA is in. And the
NUA is the address of the computer on Telenet. Please note that an NUA
does NOT have to be in your area code for you to connect to it.
There are two ways of finding useful NUA's. The first way is to
get or write an NUA scanning program. The second way is to get a copy
of the Legion Of Doom's Telenet Directory.( Volume 4 of the LOD
Technical Journals)
Now, here is the list. Remember that these are only a few NUA's.
These are NOT all of the Telenet NUA's. All of these NUA's DO accept
reverse charging. Also, please note that all of these may not be
working by the time you read this and that network congestion frequently
makes an NUA inaccessible for a short period of time.
NUA: SYSTEM TYPE:
031102010022500 VAX
031102010015600 UNIX
031102010022000 VAX
031102010025900 UNIX
031102010046100 VAX
031102010025200 PRIME
031102010046100 VAX
031102010052200 VAX
031102020001000 PRIME
031102020013200 VAX
031102020014100 PRIME
031102020014200 PRIME
031102020015000 VAX
031102020016100 UNIX
031102020021400 PRIME
031102020024500 AOS
031102020030800 PRIME
031102020030900 PRIME
031102020031200 PRIME
031102020033600 VAX
031102020033700 VAX
031102020034300 PRIME
031102020036000 HP-3000
031102030007500 VAX
031102030002200 VM/370
031102030013600 PRIME
031102060003200 HP-3000
031102060044000 VAX
031102060044900 NOS
031102060044700 VM/370
031102120003900 NOS
031102120015200 PRIME
031102120026600 VAX
031102120026300 VAX
031102120026700 UNIX
031102120044900 UNIX
031102120053900 VOS
031102140024000 VAX
J. Basic UNIX hacking
[This is changing giving the number of intrusion detection programs
coming into the market place, so if possible, find out what
counterespionage polices the business has in place. Perhaps a temp job
would be a good place to start. Or you can look through the trash at 3a
in the morning. LIP]
UNIX is probably the most commonly used operating system on
Telenet, and is the easiest to hack since it doesn't record bad login
attempts. You know you've found a UNIX system when it gives you a
"Login" prompt, and then a "Password" prompt. To get in you should first
try the default logins.(Listed below.) If these don't work try some of
the passwords listed in Section M. If these don't work try to find
backdoors. These are passwords that may have been put in to allow the
programmer (or someone else who could be in a position to make a
backdoor) to get access into the system. These are usually not known
about by anyone but the individual who made it. Try doing some research
on the programmer and other people who helped to make the system. And,
if these don't work, just try guessing them. The Login (usually the
account holders name) has 1-8 characters and the Password is 6-8
characters. Both can be either letters or numbers, or a combination of
the two.
Once you get in, you should get a "$" prompt, or some other
special character like it. You should only use lower case letters when
hacking UNIX, this seems to be standard format. If you type "man
[command]" at the prompt, it should list all of the commands for that
system. Anyway, here are the default Logins and Passwords:
Login: Password:
root root
root system
sys sys
sys system
daemon daemon
uucp uucp
tty tty
test test
unix unix
unix test
bin bin
adm adm
adm admin
admin adm
admin admin
sysman sysman
sysman sys
sysman system
sysadmin sysadmin
sysadmin sys
sysadmin system
sysadmin admin
sysadmin adm
who who
learn learn
uuhost uuhost
guest guest
host host
nuucp nuucp
rje rje
games games
games player
sysop sysop
root sysop
demo demo
Once you are in, the first thing that you need to do is save the
password file to your hard drive or to a disk. The password file
contains the Logins and Passwords. The passwords are encoded. To get the
UNIX password file, depending on what type of UNIX you are in, you can
type one of the following things:
/etc/passwd
or
cat /etc/passwd
[Of course, shadow password stuff get confusing, so check out a book
entitled Practical Unix Security for more information. LIP]
The first one is the standard command, but there are other
commands as well, like the second one. [Actually, the first "command" is
just the location of the file. Use the second command to view it. H.]
Once you get the password file, it should look like this:
john:234abc56:9999:13:John Johnson:/home/dir/john:/bin/john
Broken down, this is what the above password file states:
Username: john
Encrypted Password: 234abc56
User Number: 9999
Group Number: 13
Other Information: John Johnson
Home Directory: /home/dir/john
Shell: /bin/john
[Note: the password is encrypted. That means you should understand what
crypto is being used, which means you need to know what type of UNIX box
you are connecting to. Likewise, you should look at a book entitled
Applied Cryptography and his corresponding website:
http://www.counterpane.com for his pdf file entitled A Self-Study Course
in Cryptanalysis. LIP]
If the password file does not show up under one of the above two
commands, then it is probably shadowed.
The following definition of password shadowing was taken from
the alt.2600 hack faq:
"Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted
password field is replaced with a special token and the encrypted
password is stored in a seperate file which is not readable by normal
system users."
If the password file is shadowed, you can find it in one of the
following places, depending on the type of UNIX you are using:
UNIX System Type: Path: Token:
AIX 3 /etc/security/passwd !
or /tcb/auth/files/<first letter #
of username>/<username>
A/UX 3.Os /tcb/files/auth/*
BSD4.3-Reno /etc/master.passwd *
ConvexOS 10 /etc/shadpw *
Convex0S 11 /etc/shadow *
DG/UX /etc/tcb/aa/user *
EP/IX /etc/shadow x
HP-UX /.secure/etc/passwd *
IRIX 5 /etc/shadow x
Linux 1.1 /etc/shadow *
OSF/1 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag] *
SCO UNIX #.2.x /tcb/auth/files/<first letter of *
username>/<username>
SunOS 4.1+c2 /etc/security/passwd.adjunct ##
SunOS 5.0 /etc/shadow
System V 4.0 /etc/shadow x
System V 4.2 /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4 /etc/auth[.dir|.pag] *
UNICOS /etc/udb *
Some passwords can only be used for a certain amount of time
without having to be changed, this is called password aging. In the
password file example below, the "C.a4" is the password aging data:
bob:123456,C.a4:6348:45:Bob Wilson:/home/dir/bob:/bin/bob
The characters in the password aging data stand for the
following:
1. Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
2. Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before being
changed.
3&4. Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.
The password aging data can be decoded using the chart below:
Character: Number:
. 0
/ 1
0 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 6
5 7
6 8
7 9
8 10
9 11
A 12
B 13
C 14
D 15
E 16
F 17
G 18
H 19
I 20
J 21
K 22
L 23
M 24
N 25
O 26
P 27
Q 28
R 29
S 30
T 31
U 32
V 33
W 34
X 35
Y 36
Z 37
a 38
b 39
c 40
d 41
e 42
f 43
g 44
h 45
i 46
j 47
k 48
l 49
m 50
n 51
o 52
p 53
q 54
r 55
s 56
t 57
u 58
v 59
w 60
x 61
y 62
z 63
Now, explore the system freely, be careful, and have fun!
K. Basic VAX/VMS hacking
The VAX system runs the VMS (Virtual Memory System) operating
system. You know that you have a VAX system when you get a "username"
prompt. Type in capital letters, this seems to be standard on VAX's.
Type "HELP" and it gives you all of the help that you could possibly
want. Here are the default usernames and passwords for VAX's:
Username: Password:
SYSTEM OPERATOR
SYSTEM MANAGER
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM SYSLIB
OPERATOR OPERATOR
SYSTEST UETP
SYSTEST SYSTEST
SYSTEST TEST
SYSMAINT SYSMAINT
SYSMAINT SERVICE
SYSMAINT DIGITAL
FIELD FIELD
FIELD SERVICE
GUEST GUEST
GUEST unpassworded
DEMO DEMO
DEMO unpassworded
TEST TEST
DECNET DECNET
Here are some of the VAX/VMS commands:
Command: Function:
HELP (H) Gives help and list of
commands.
TYPE (T) View contents of a file.
RENAME (REN) Change name of a file.
PURGE (PU) Deletes old versions of a
file.
PRINT (PR) Prints a file.
DIRECTORY (DIR) Shows list of files.
(DIF) Shows differences between files.
CREATE (CR) Creates a file.
DELETE (DEL) Deletes a file.
COPY (COP) Copy a file to another.
CONTINUE (C) Continues session.
The password file on VAX's are available when you type in the
command:
SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT
The password file on most VAX's are usually not available to
normal system users, but try it anyway. If the default logins don't
work, use the same means of finding one as stated in Section J.
Be VERY careful when hacking VAX's becuase they record every bad
login attempt. They are sometimes considered one of the most secure
systems. Because of this, I advise not to try hacking these until you
are more advanced.
But, when you are an advanced hacker, or if you are already an
advanced hacker, I advise that you try a few passwords at a time and
then wait and try a few more the next day and so on, because when the
real user logs on it displays all of the bad login attempts.
L. Basic PRIME hacking
PRIME computer systems greet you with "Primecon 18.23.05", or
something like it, when you connect. You should type in capital letters
on this system, too. Once you connect, it will usually just sit there.
If this happens, type "LOGIN <USERNAME>". It should then ask you for
your username and password. The default usernames and passwords are
listed below:
Username: Password:
PRIME PRIME
PRIME PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIMOS
PRIMOS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIME
PRIMOS_CS PRIMOS
PRIMENET PRIMENET
SYSTEM SYSTEM
SYSTEM PRIME
SYSTEM PRIMOS
NETLINK NETLINK
TEST TEST
GUEST GUEST
GUEST1 GUEST
When you are inside the system, type "NETLINK" and it ahould
give you alot of help. This system uses NUA's, too. I might print these
in the next volume.
M. Password List
The password list was taken from A Novice's Guide To Hacking, by
The Legion Of Doom, and from some of my own discoveries. Here is the
list of commonly used passwords:
[Avoid password guessing whenever possible. This is a sure fire way to
get caught. And if you are hacking into a system, you better understand
how to move around the system once you are in. This is rather obvious,
but because a lot of hackers don't write their own tools, they don't
learn the fundamentals first. LIP]
Password:
aaa
academia
ada
adrian
aerobics
airplane
albany
albatross
albert
alex
alexander
algebra
alias
alisa
alpha
alphabet
ama
amy
analog
anchor
andy
andrea
animal
answer
anything
arrow
arthur
ass
asshole
athena
atmosphere
bacchus
badass
bailey
banana
bandit
banks
bass
batman
beautiful
beauty
beaver
daniel
danny
dave
deb
debbie
deborah
december
desire
desperate
develop
diet
digital
discovery
disney
dog
drought
duncan
easy
eatme
edges
edwin
egghead
eileen
einstein
elephant
elizabeth
ellen
emerald
engine
engineer
enterprise
enzyme
euclid
evelyn
extension
fairway
felicia
fender
finite
format
god
hello
idiot
jester
john
johnny
joseph
joshua
judith
juggle
julia
kathleen
kermit
kernel
knight
lambda
larry
lazarus
lee
leroy
lewis
light
lisa
louis
love
lynne
mac
macintosh
mack
maggot
magic
malcolm
mark
markus
martin
marty
marvin
matt
master
maurice
maximum
merlin
mets
michael
michelle
mike
minimum
nicki
nicole
rascal
really
rebecca
remote
rick
reagan
robot
robotics
rolex
ronald
rose
rosebud
rosemary
roses
ruben
rules
ruth
sal
saxon
scheme
scott
secret
sensor
serenity
sex
shark
sharon
shit
shiva
shuttle
simon
simple
singer
single
singing
smile
smooch
smother
snatch
snoopy
soap
socrates
spit
spring
subway
success
summer
super
support
surfer
suzanne
tangerine
tape
target
taylor
telephone
temptation
tiger
tigger
toggle
tomato
toyota
trivial
unhappy
unicorn
unknown
urchin
utility
vicki
virgin
virginia
warren
water
weenie
whatnot
whitney
william
winston
willie
wizard
wonbat
yosemite
zap
N. Connecting modems to different phone lines
Ok, if you are really paranoid (or smart) and you don't want to
hack from your house for fear of getting caught, you can hook up your
modem to other peoples phone lines or to payphones.
[Of course, now you are committing a federal crime. More jail time.
Think about it. I don't think the judge is gonna buy that you just
wanted to learn about phones, or that you just wanted to learn about
computers. LIP]
If you want to hook your modem to a payphone, do it late at
night and at a very secluded payphone. Look along either side of the
phone. You should see a small metal tube (which contains the telephone
wires) running along the wall. Somewhere along the tube it should widen
out into a small box. Pop off the boxes lid and there is a nice little
phone jack for ya'. Taking off the lid may be difficult because they are
usually pretty secure, but nothing is impossible, so keep trying. Of
course, you can only do this with a lap-top computer.
Now, if you want to hook up the modem to someone's house or
appartment phone line, you need to get a pair of red and green alligator
clips, and an extra modem cord for your lap-top.
After you get those parts, cut the plastic end off of your modem
cord and you will see a red wire, a green wire, and two other wires, but
you can ignore those. Attach the red alligator clip to the red wire, and
attach the green alligator clip to the green wire and you're all set.
Now all you need to do is go find a telephone pole or one of those small
green boxes that stick out of the ground.(They should have a Bell
Systems logo on them.)
On a telephone pole open the little box that has a bunch of
wires going to and from it. On the right side of the box you should see
what look like two large screws.(These are called "terminals".) One
should have a red wire wrapped around it and the other should have a
green wire wrapped around it. Attach the red alligator clip the the red
wire and the green alligator clip to the green wire, and you're all set.
This should get you a dial tone. If it doesn't, make sure that the
alligator clips are not touching each other, and that the alligator
clips are attached to the exposed end of the wire.
Now, on those green boxes you need to undo all of the screws and
shit holding the lid on, and open it up. Then you should find basically
the same setup as in the telephone pole. Attach the appropriate wires to
the appropriate terminals and you are all set.
This process can also be used to hook up a Beige Box (Lineman's
Handset.) when phreaking.
O. Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
Just in case some of you are interested, here are the
definitions for Viruses, Trojans, and Worms. These definitions were
taken from the alt.2600 hack faq.
[Actually, learning to write viruses is a good thing. This teaches you
about how the file system works and about how .exe and .com files are
made up. Also, a lot of new viruses are attacking .dll files, so make a
point to learn more. Of course, you're gonna need to learn assembly to
read and understand the documentation you are gonna find. LIP]
Trojan:
"Remember the Trojan Horse? Bad guys hid inside it until they
could get into the city to do their evil deed. A Trojan computer program
is similiar. It is a program which does an unauthorized function, hidden
inside an authorized program. It does something other than it claims to
do, usually something malicious (although not necessarily!), and it is
intended by the author to do whatever it does. If it is not intentional,
it is called a bug or, in some cases, a feature :) Some Virus scanning
programs detect some Trojans. Some scanning programs don't detect any
Trojans. No Virus scanners detect all Trojans."
Virus:
"A Virus is an independent program which reproduces itself. It
may attach itself to other programs, it may create copies of itself (as
in companion Viruses). It may damage or corrupt data, change data, or
degrade the performance of your system by utilizing resources such as
memory or disk space. Some Virus scanners detect some Viruses. No Virus
scanners detect all Viruses. No Virus scanner can protect against any
and all Viruses, known and unknown, now and forevermore."
Worm:
"Made famous by Robert Morris, Jr., Worms are programs which
reproduce by copying themselves over and over, system to system, using
up resources and sometimes slowing down the system. They are self
contained and use the networks to spread, in much the same way that
Viruses use files to spread. Some people say the solution to Viruses and
worms is to just not have any files or networks. They are probably
correct. We could include computers."
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