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I'm having some trouble believing this hasn't been reported before. If you
have a linksys router handy, please check to see whether it is vulnerable to
this attack. It's possible that all of the linksys router web UIs have the
same bug. Hopefully the problem is isolated to one particular model or
firmware revision.
I. DESCRIPTION
Tested product: Linksys WRT54g home router, firmware revision 1.00.9.
Problem #1: No password validation for configuration settings.
The WRT54g does not attempt to verify a username and password when
configuration settings are being changed. If you wish to read configuration
settings, you must provide the administrator ID and password via HTTP basic
authentication. No similar check is done for configuration changes.
This request results in a user-id and password prompt:
GET /wireless.htm
This request disables wireless security on the router, with no password
prompt:
POST /Security.tri
Content-Length: 24
SecurityMode=0&layout=en
Problem #2: Cross-site request forgery
The web administration console does not verify that the request to change
the router configuration is being made with the consent of the
administrator. Any web site can force a browser to send a request to the
linksys router, and the router will accept the request.
II. Exploitation
The combination of these two bugs means that any internet web site can
change the configuration of your router. Recently published techniques for
port-scanning and web server finger printing via java and javascript make
this even easier. The attack scenario is as follows:
- intranet user visits a malicious web site
- malicious web site returns specially crafted HTML page
- intranet user's browser automatically sends a request to the router that
enables the remote administration interface
- the owner of the malicious web site now has complete access to your router
I'm not going to share the "specially crafted HTML page" at this time, but
it isn't all that special.
III. DETECTION
If your router is vulnerable, the following curl command will disable
wireless security on your router. Tests for other router models and
firmware revisions may be different:
curl -d "SecurityMode=0&layout=en" http://192.168.0.1/Security.tri
IV. MITIGATION
1) Make sure you've disabled the remote administration feature of your
router. If you have this "feature" enabled, anybody on the internet can
take control of the router.
2) Change the IP address of the router to a random value, preferably in the
range assigned to private networks. For example, change the IP address to
10.x.y.z, where x, y, and z are numbers between 0 and 255 inclusive. This
makes it more difficult for an attacker to forge the request necessary to
change the router configuration. This mitigation technique might not help
much if you have a java-enabled browser, because of recently published
techniques for determining gateway addresses via java applets.
3) Disable HTTP access to the administration interface of the router,
allowing only HTTPS access. Under most circumstances, this will cause the
browser to show a certificate warning before the configuration is changed.
V. VENDOR NOTIFICATION
Linksys customer support was notified on June 24, 2006.
Full disclosure on August 4, 2006.
--
GR
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