-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
__________________________________________________________
The U.S. Department of Energy
Computer Incident Advisory Capability
___ __ __ _ ___
/ | /_\ /
\___ __|__ / \ \___
__________________________________________________________
INFORMATION BULLETIN
rpc.statd Vulnerability
April 25, 1996 18:00 GMT Number G-22
______________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM: rpc.statd fails to completely validate the information it
receives from rpc.locked.
PLATFORM: Unix based systems utilizing NFS - see below.
DAMAGE: A user can potentially remove and create files with root
privileges.
SOLUTION: Install one of the fixes discussed below.
______________________________________________________________________________
VULNERABILITY No exploitations of this vulnerability have been reported. But,
ASSESSMENT: if it is exploited, a user can potentially remove or create any
file that the root user can create.
______________________________________________________________________________
[Start CERT Advisory]
=============================================================================
CERT(sm) Advisory CA-96.09
April 24, 1996
Topic: Vulnerability in rpc.statd
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center has received reports of a vulnerability in
rpc.statd (rpc.statd is also known as statd on some systems). As of the date
of this advisory, we have received no reports of this vulnerability being
exploited.
If exploited, this vulnerability can be used to remove any file that the root
user can remove or to create any file that the root user can create.
Section III and Appendix A contain information from vendors. Appendix B
contains an example of a possible workaround.
As we receive additional information relating to this advisory, we will place
it in
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-96.09.README
We encourage you to check our README files regularly for updates on
advisories that relate to your site.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Description
rpc.statd, also called statd, is the NFS file-locking status monitor. It
interacts with rpc.lockd, also called lockd, to provide the crash and
recovery functions for file locking across NFS.
NFS is stateless, which means that NFS clients and servers can be
rebooted without a loss of file integrity due to NFS. In contrast, NFS
file locking is stateful. To achieve this stateful nature in a stateless
environment, rpc.lockd must work with rpc.statd to add state to file
locking.
To understand what rpc.statd does, it is first necessary to understand
what rpc.lockd does. rpc.lockd processes lock requests that are sent
either locally by the kernel or remotely by another lock daemon.
rpc.lockd forwards lock requests for remote NFS files to the NFS server's
lock daemon using Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
rpc.lockd then requests monitoring service from the status monitor
daemon, rpc.statd, running on the NFS server. Monitoring services are
needed because file locks are maintained in the NFS server kernel. In
the event of a system crash or reboot, all NFS locks would normally be
lost. It is rpc.statd that adds stateful file locking.
When an NFS server reboots, rpc.statd causes the previously held locks
to be recovered by notifying the NFS client lock daemons to resubmit
previously granted lock requests. If a lock daemon fails to secure a
previously granted lock on the NFS server, it sends SIGLOST to the
process that originally requested the file lock.
The vulnerability in rpc.statd is its lack of validation of the
information it receives from what is presumed to be the remote rpc.lockd.
Because rpc.statd normally runs as root and because it does not validate
this information, rpc.statd can be made to remove or create any file that
the root user can remove or create on the NFS server.
II. Impact
Any file that root could remove can be removed by rpc.statd. Any file
that root could create can be created by rpc.statd, albeit with mode 200.
III. Solution
The general solution to this problem is to replace the rpc.statd daemon
with one that validates the information sent to it by the remote
rpc.lockd. We recommend that you install a patch from your vendor if
possible. If a patch is not available for your system, we recommend
contacting your vendor and requesting that a patch be developed as soon
as possible. In the meantime, consider whether the information in
Appendix B is applicable to your site.
Vendor Information
------------------
Below is a summary list of the vendors who have reported to us as of the
date of this advisory.
Patch information and other details are in Appendix A of this advisory
and reproduced in the CA-96.09.README file. We will update the README
file as we receive more information.
If your vendor's name is not on this list, please contact the vendor
directly.
Vendor Status
------ ------------
Apple Computer, Inc. vulnerable - A/UX version 3.1.1 and
earlier; AIX 4.1.4 for the Apple
Network Server
Berkeley Software Design, Inc. not vulnerable - BSD/OS
Cray Research, Inc. vulnerable - Unicos version 9.0 and
higher
Data General Corporation vulnerable - DG/UX R4.11
Digital Equipment Corporation vulnerable - UNIX (OSF/1) V3.0 through
V3.2d; ULTRIX V4.3 through V4.5
Harris Computer Systems Corp. vulnerable - all versions of NightHawk
CX/UX and PowerUX
not vulnerable - all versions of
NightHawk CX/SX and CyberGuard CX/SX
Hewlett-Packard Company vulnerable - 9.X and 10.X
IBM Corporation vulnerable - AIX 3.2 and 4.1
NEC Corporation some systems vulnerable
NeXT Software, Inc. vulnerable - versions before 4.0;
will be fixed in 4.0
The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. not vulnerable - SCO UnixWare 2.x.;
SCO OpenServer 3.0, 5; SCO Open Desktop
2.x, 3.x; SCO NFS 1.x.x.
Silicon Graphics, Inc. vulnerable - all versions of IRIX except
6.2
not vulnerable - IRIX 6.2
Sony Corporation vulnerable - NEWS-OS 4.2.1, 6.0.3, 6.1,
and 6.1.1
Sun Microsystems, Inc. believed to be vulnerable - SunOS 4.x
and Solaris 2.x
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center thanks Andrew Gross of the San Diego
Supercomputer Center for reporting this problem and Wolfgang Ley of DFN-CERT
for his support in responding to this problem.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in the Forum of Incident
Response and Security Teams (FIRST).
We strongly urge you to encrypt any sensitive information you send by email.
The CERT Coordination Center can support a shared DES key and PGP. Contact the
CERT staff for more information.
Location of CERT PGP key
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/CERT_PGP.key
CERT Contact Information
- ------------------------
Email cert@cert.org
Phone +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
CERT personnel answer 8:30-5:00 p.m. EST
(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4), and are on call for
emergencies during other hours.
Fax +1 412-268-6989
Postal address
CERT Coordination Center
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
USA
CERT publications, information about FIRST representatives, and other
security-related information are available for anonymous FTP from
http://www.cert.org/
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/
CERT advisories and bulletins are also posted on the USENET newsgroup
comp.security.announce
To be added to our mailing list for CERT advisories and bulletins, send your
email address to
cert-advisory-request@cert.org
Copyright 1996 Carnegie Mellon University
This material may be reproduced and distributed without permission provided it
is used for noncommercial purposes and the copyright statement is included.
CERT is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.
.........................................................................
Appendix A: Vendor Information
Current as of April 24, 1996
See CA-96.09.README for updated information.
Below is information we have received from vendors concerning the
vulnerability described in this advisory. If you do not see your vendor's
name, please contact the vendor directly for information.
Apple Computer, Inc.
====================
A/UX
- ----
An upgrade to A/UX version 3.1 (and 3.1.1) for this vulnerability is
available. The upgrade replaces the rpc.statd binary with a new, improved
version. It is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.support.apple.com:
pub/apple_sw_updates/US/Unix/A_UX/supported/3.x/rpc.statd/rpc.statd.Z
Uncompress(1) this file and replace the existing version in /etc.
Modify the entry for rpc.statd in /etc/inittab to "respawn" instead of "wait".
Kill the running rpc.statd and restart.
Earlier versions of A/UX are not supported by this patch. Users of
previous versions are encouraged to update their system or disable rpc.statd.
AIX for the Apple Network Server
- -------------------------------
An upgrade to AIX version 4.1.4 for the Network Server which resolves
this vulnerability is available. The PTF replaces the rpc.statd binary
and related programs with new, improved versions.
To determine if you already have APAR IX55931 on your system, run the
following command:
instfix -ik IX55931
Or run the following command:
lslpp -h bos.net.nfs.client
Your version of bos.net.nfs.client should be 4.1.4.7 or later.
The PTF for this APAR is available via anonymous FTP from
ftp.support.apple.com:
pub/apple_sw_updates/US/Unix/AIX/supported/4.1/bos.net.nfs.client.bff
Place this file in /usr/sys/inst.images or another directory of your choice.
To install the PTF, start smit using the following fast path:
# smit install_selectable
Select the menu item "Install Fileset Updates by Fix" and provide the
name of the directory in which the PTF was placed. Enter OK and in the
next dialog, enter the APAR number, IX55931, in the "FIXES" item. For
information about the other options in this dialog, see the manual page
for installp(1). Enter OK, exit smit and restart the system.
Customers should contact their reseller for any additional information.
Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
=============================
BSD/OS is not vulnerable.
Cray Research, Inc.
===================
This problem has been tracked with SPR 99983 and reported
with Field notice 2107. Since statd is only available on 9.0 systems
fixes have been provided for UNICOS 9.0 and higher.
Data General Corporation
========================
Data General has fixed this vulnerability in DG/UX R4.11 Maintenance
Update 2 (R4.11MU02).
Digital Equipment Corporation
=============================
At the time of writing this document, patches (binary kits) for Digital's
ULTRIX operating system are being developed - V4.3 (both VAX and RISC) thru
V4.5.
Similar patches (binary kits) for Digital UNIX (OSF/1) versions 3.0 thru 3.2d
are being tested. Digital will provide notice of the completion of the kits
through AES services (DIA, DSNlink FLASH) and be available from your normal
Digital Support channel.
Digital's Software Security Response Team 16.APR.1996
Harris Computer Systems Corporation
===================================
All versions of NightHawk CX/SX and CyberGuard CX/SX are not vulnerable.
All versions of NightHawk CX/UX and PowerUX are vulnerable.
Users are advised, until patches are available, to use the workaround
in the advisory.
Hewlett-Packard Company
=======================
Vulnerable - 9.X & 10.X (i.e., all that are currently supported)
Patches are in process; watch for an HP security bulletin.
IBM Corporation
===============
See the appropriate release below to determine your action.
AIX 3.2
-------
Apply the following fix to your system:
APAR - IX56056 (PTF - U441411)
To determine if you have this PTF on your system, run the following
command:
lslpp -lB U441411
AIX 4.1
-------
Apply the following fix to your system:
APAR - IX55931
To determine if you have this APAR on your system, run the following
command:
instfix -ik IX55931
Or run the following command:
lslpp -h bos.net.nfs.client
Your version of bos.net.nfs.client should be 4.1.4.7 or later.
To Order
--------
APARs may be ordered using FixDist or from the IBM Support Center.
For more information on FixDist, reference URL:
http://aix.boulder.ibm.com/pbin-usa/fixdist.pl/
or send e-mail to aixserv@austin.ibm.com with a subject of "FixDist".
NEC Corporation
===============
Some systems are vulnerable. We are developing the patches and plan to put
them on our anonymous FTP server. You can contact us with the following
e-mail address if you need.
E-mail: UX48-security-support@nec.co.jp
FTP server: ftp://ftp.meshnet.or.jp
NeXT Software, Inc.
===================
This vulnerability will be fixed in release 4.0 of OpenStep for Mach,
scheduled for 2Q96.
The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
==============================
These are not vulnerable:
SCO UnixWare 2.x.
SCO OpenServer 3.0, 5
SCO Open Desktop 2.x, 3.x
SCO NFS 1.x.x.
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
======================
All versions of IRIX earlier than 6.2 are vulnerable.
IRIX 6.2 is not vulnerable.
Sony Corporation
================
NEWS-OS 4.2.1 vulnerable; Patch 0124 [rpc.statd] is available.
NEWS-OS 6.0.3 vulnerable; Patch SONYP6063 [lockd/statd 2] is
available.
NEWS-OS 6.1 vulnerable; Patch SONYP6176 [lockd/statd] is
available.
NEWS-OS 6.1.1 vulnerable; Patch SONYP6207 [lockd/statd] is
available.
Patches are available via anonymous FTP in the
/pub/patch/news-os/un-official directory on
ftp1.sony.co.jp [202.238.80.18]:
4.2.1a+/0124.doc describes about patch 0124 [rpc.statd]
4.2.1a+/0124_C.pch patch for NEWS-OS 4.2.1C/a+C
4.2.1a+/0124_R.pch patch for NEWS-OS 4.2.1R/RN/RD/aRD/aRS/a+R
6.0.3/SONYP6063.doc describes about patch SONYP6063 [lockd/statd 2]
6.0.3/SONYP6063.pch patch for NEWS-OS 6.0.3
6.1/SONYP6176.doc describes about patch SONYP6176 [lockd/statd]
6.1/SONYP6176.pch patch for NEWS-OS 6.1
6.1.1/SONYP6207.doc describes about patch SONYP6207 [lockd/statd]
6.1.1/SONYP6207.pch patch for NEWS-OS 6.1.1
If you need further information, contact your dealer.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
======================
SunOS 4.x and Solaris 2.x are believed to be vulnerable. When further
information is available, it will be placed in CA-96.09.README.
.........................................................................
Appendix B: Example Workaround Scenario
The information given below was provided to the CERT/CC by Wolfgang Ley
of DFN-CERT. It is reproduced here as an example of how to run the statd
daemon as a user other than root on a Solaris system. This workaround
may not be directly applicable on other vendor's systems, but an analogous
solution may be possible. Please contact your vendor for assistance.
The statd daemon under Solaris 2.4 and 2.5 starts without problems
if the following steps are taken.
1) Go into single user mode (ensure rpcbind and statd are not running)
2) Create a new user, e.g., "statd" with a separate uid/gid
3) Chown statd /var/statmon/* /var/statmon/*/*
4) Chgrp statd /var/statmon/* /var/statmon/*/*
5) Edit /etc/init.d/nfs.client startup script and change the start of the
statd from:
/usr/lib/nfs/statd > /dev/console 2>&1
to:
/usr/bin/su - statd -c "/usr/lib/nfs/statd" > /dev/console 2>&1
6) Reboot the system
[End CERT Advisory]
_______________________________________________________________________________
CIAC wishes to acknowledge the contributions of CERT, the San Diego
Supercomputer Center, and DFN-CERT for the information contained in
this bulletin.
_______________________________________________________________________________
CIAC, the Computer Incident Advisory Capability, is the computer
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