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------------ 
DIVERTER BOX 
------------ 
Design: Mavicon M.D. and The Ear


---------- 
Parts List 
----------

Everything can be obtained at your local Radio-Shack.  As much as
i hate that store, they are convenient...

RLY1 DPDT relay
T1   1:1 audio transformer
D1   1N914 or similar diode
D2   large LED
LMP1 neon lamp
R1   10 k
R2   photocell
R3   22 k
R4   47 k
Q1   2N2222, 2N3904, 2N4401, most any other NPN switching trans.
1    9 volt battery. The negative terminal goes to ground on the
     schematic.  Positive terminal to +9 volts.




-------- 
Assembly 
--------

The best way to assemble the design is to grab one of those small
copper  lined perfboards from Radio-Shack.  They are nice to work
on, and can easily be trimmed down to a minimum size once  every-
thing  is  soldered  in.   The  process is the same as any other.
Solder all the parts in per the schematic.  The photocell must be
in  a position so that the light from the neon lamp(LMP1) and the
LED(D2) both shine on it.  All the  polarity  must  be  observed.
Whichever  direction you put the led in, you must remember (color
code your wires, green is positive, red is  negative,  yellow  is
positive,  black  is negative) the negative side of the line must
go to its negative side.  The same goes for the transformer.  the
positive  side  of  each  line has to be connected to the correct
pair on the transformer.  On the  Radio-Shack  transformers,  put
positive  of both lines on the Red and Black pairs,  The negative
on Yellow and White.  Our prototypes have reached less that 1"  x
1" in size.

NOTE: The entire thing MUST be wrapped in black tape.  IT must be
light  tight or you will have a relay that turns on with the sun-
rise.



------------------- 
Theory of Operation 
-------------------

The diverter works on some basic electronic principals.  Step  by
step.   The  phone rings.  The neon lamp is activated by the high
voltage(88 p-p) ac and flashes.  This light shines on the  photo-
cell, decreasing its resistance.  When this happens, the positive
voltage flowing through the photocell and the 10k resistor exceed
the  breakdown voltage of the base of the transistor and switches
that transistor on.  Once the transistor  is  on,  current  flows
freely  from  emitter  to  collector,  energizing the relay.  The
relay's two sets of switches connect both lines to the 1:1  audio
transformer,  effectively taking both lines off the hook and cou-
pling any audio signals from either line to the other one.   Once
this happens,  current  is  now  flowing through the transformer, 
relay/led loop. This current lights the led and that light shines
on the photocell.  This keeps the device latched.  The light from 
the  led  keeps the  photocell  resistance low enough to keep the 
transistor on.   Now,  you  make  you  call  and get on with your 
business.  You hang up.  Now, the local CO keeps current  flowing
through the indial line for about 5 seconds, at  which  point  it 
drops down for a second or so and then goes back up.  This is the 
signal the device uses to determine when you've hung up. When the 
current drops down, there is no light, & the photocell resistance 
raises enough to turn the  transistor  off and delatch the entire 
system.  


------------
Applications
------------

The applications are relatively  obvious.   Hook  it  up  to  two
unused  lines  and make free calls.  Hook it up to two payphones,
and red box calls.  The only thing to watch out for  is  ringing.
If  you  hook  it up to a residential line for the indial a small
(maybe 1/8) of a ring occurs when you call,  tipping  off  people
inside the house.


 +------------------------------------+
 |                                    |         o +9V
 |  L1+      T1                       |         |
 |  o-------wwwww----------+          |         |
 |                         |          |         |
 |  L1-                    |          |         |
 |  o-------------+        |          |         o--------+
 |                |        |          |         |        |
 |                |        |          |         |        |
 |                |        |          |         |        |
 | L2-            |    +---l----------l---------l--+   _____
 o-------\ LMP1   |    | |  \|    |   |         w  |    /^\   D1
R4  47k   *       |    | |   |    |\  |         w  |   /---\
 --\/\/--/        |    | |   |    | | |         w  |     |
 |                |    +-l----------l-----------l--+     |
 |                |      |      RY1 |           |        |
 o L2+            +------+          |           |        |
 |                                  |           o--------+
 |                                  |           |
 |                                  |           +------+
 |            D2                    |                 /
 |          |\ |       T1           |               /
 +----------| >|-----wwwwww---------+             /
            |/ |                                000
                                     +--------- 000  Q1
                                     |          000
           oooo                      |             \
          o    o               10k   |               \
 o-------o-/\/\/o------------/\/\/---+                 \
+9V       o    o R2   \         R1                      |
           oooo       / 22k                           -----
                      \ R3                             ---
                      |                                 -
                      |
                    -----
                     ---
                      -



+++EOF