How To Make An In-Use Light
                            From The Night Owl AE


  This file describes the operation and construction of a device that will
signal whether or not an extension of a particular phone line is off-hook.  It
does NOT indicate whether or not a phone is being tapped, and will light
whenever any extension is picked up.
  The principle under which this device operates is that there is a voltage
across the red and green wires of the phone line (the other wires are rarely
used) that drops significantly when an extension is lifted.  Though this
voltage can be used to power a light on its own, the light would have to be of
a very low power consumption in order not to keep the phone off-hook, and it
would only light when the phone is on-hook.
  A simple way to get around the above problem is to use a low current relay.
Radio Shack sells some nice 12VDC SPDT relays that work well for this purpose.
Don't buy the red relays or the subminis; though you want a low current coil,
you also want the contacts to be able to handle a decent current.  DPDT (double
pole, double throw) will also work, you just won't use the other contacts.
  For a 12 volt coil, the voltage will have to be dropped so that the relay
will function properly.  The proper resistance is around 10K ohms, but it is
best to use a 5K ohm fixed resistor and a 10K ohm variable (standard values,
any combination that can cover the 10K range will work fine).  Adjust it to
approximately 10K, or halfway for the combination above.  Connect the resistors
in series with the coil, and we'll adjust it later.
  Due to the nature of this device (or rather, its simplicity) it will operate
without having to be plugged into a phone, or vice versa.  In other words, you
can plug it directly into a jack anywhere, and it'll work.  You'll want to get
a modular plug that terminates in spade lugs for this purpose.  Connect the
green wire to one side of the coil, and the red to the resistors (so that it's
all in series).  If you don't have an extra phone jack, then you will want to
a) buy a Y connector so that two phones can be plugged into the same jack, or
b) get another phone jack and install it in the same box with the in-use light,
so that you can plug a phone into it.  Just connect the spade lugs to their
respective colors.
  For the light itself, you can use almost anything.  Even a tiny light bulb
and a battery will work fine, but after about 5 hours of phone use, you'll have
to replace the battery.  The best thing to use is a neon bulb powered by the
110V power available most places.  Buy ones with dropping resistors, or use a
220K resistor for dropping.  You should also get a panel lamp assembly to keep
it steady and make it look pretty.  Since the current is relatively low, you
can use almost any power cord, or sacrifice an old extension cord.  Connect it
in series with the NC (normally closed) contacts of the relay (in series with
the dropping resistor, of course).
  Your circuits should now look like this:
                      /
 --------RED----!---- 5k --- 10k -------O     O-------------------!-----110V
                    /          |     |
                          coil    NC /
                         |     |
 -------GREEN---!-----------------------O     O-- bulb --- 220k --!-----110V

  Make sure that the phone circuit (left) and the lamp circuit (right) are
totally 100% separate, and in no danger of touching.  Use wire nuts for all
connections in 110V that are not to a terminal post, and tape them.  For all
wires that are exposed, use electrical tape or shrink-wrap tubing to insulate
them.  Glue the relay to the box or mount it on a stable PC board.
  If all looks well, hook it up.  It should work immediately, but there are
three things that can go wrong:  1) The relay keeps the phone off the hook. To
remedy this, lower the resistance until it doesn't.  If you can't lower the
resistance enough, then you are using a resistor with a high current coil and
you'll have to get one with a lower rating.  2) The relay won't close.  The
solution for this is the same as number 1.  3) The relay stays closed.  Raise
the resistance with the phone on hook until the light goes off.
  When all is working, the lamp should be on when one or more extensions are
off-hook, and will be off when all extensions are on-hook.  It will blink when
the phone rings.

                This is a parts list:
      1 box.  Make it a nice one, preferably one with feet.
      1 phone cord with a modular plug at one end and spade lugs at the other.
      1 phone jack or Y adapter (optional).
      1 power cord or old extension cord.
      1 low current coil relay, double throw.
      1 5K fixed resistor.
      1 10K variable resistor.
      1 neon bulb with dropping resistor.
      1 panel lamp assembly.  Some come with bulbs.