TUCoPS :: Phreaking Cellular - Misc. :: dna6.txt

The DNA Box - Hacking cellular phones #6

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    úúúÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄĶ Hacking Cellular Phones ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
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                            P A R T    S I X
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                    CELLULAR TELEPHONE MESSAGE CODES
============================================================================
The previous file (Part Five) listed the Message Formats and Message Words
used by the Cellular Telephone system. Message words have variable
sub-fields that are set to convey various information (such as dialed
numbers, mobile phone ID, commands, requests, channel assignments etc.).
 
Here are the codes used in Message Word subfields during data transmissions.
 
============================================================================
Mobile Station Automatic Attenuation Levels
 
Mobile Attenuation Code (MAC)
      Power Classifications
MAC     I      II     III       Nominal ERP Power Outputs
---    ---     ---    ---       Class      ERP   Level
000      6      2     -2        ---------  ----  --------
001      2      2     -2        Class I    4W    ( 6 dBW)
010     -2     -2     -2        Class II   1.6W  ( 2 dBW)
011     -6     -6     -6        Class III  0.6W  (-2 dBW)
100    -10    -10    -10
101    -14    -14    -14
110    -18    -18    -18
111    -22    -22    -22
      (Attenuation in dBW)
=========================================================
 
Station Class Mark (SCM)
 
SCM       Station Class, Transmission
----      ----------------------------
xx00      Class I
xx01      Class II
xx10      Class III
 
00xx      Continuous Transmissions
01xx      Discontinuous Transmissions
 
(for example 0010 means Class I Continuous Transmissions)
=========================================================
 
Digital Color Code (DCC)
Received  Coded
--------  -------
00        0000000
01        0011111
10        1100011
11        1111100
=======================================
 
SAT Color Code (Supervisory Audio Tone)
 
Code  Frequency
----  ---------
00    5970 Hz
01    6000 Hz
10    6030 Hz
11    (not a channel designation)
====================================
 
Digit Code (for dialed numbers etc.)
Digit  Code
-----  ----
1      0001
2      0010
3      0011
4      0100
5      0101
6      0110
7      0111
8      1000
9      1001
0      1010 (zero is encoded as a binary ten)
*      1011
#      1100
Null   0000 (when no digit present)
===================================
 
Order and Qualification Codes
 
Order  Qual  Function
-----  ---   ---------------------
00000  000   page (or origination)
00001  000   alert
00011  000   release
00100  000   reorder
00110  000   stop alert
00111  000   audit
01000  000   send called-address
01001  000   intercept
01010  000   maintenance
 
01011  000   change to power level 0
01011  001   change to power level 1
01011  010   change to power level 2
01011  011   change to power level 3
01011  100   change to power level 4
01011  101   change to power level 5
01011  110   change to power level 6
01011  111   change to power level 7
 
01100  000   directed retry - not last try
01100  001   directed retry - last try
 
01101  000   non-autonomous registration - do not make whereabouts known
01101  001   non-autonomous registration - make whereabouts known
01101  010   autonomous registration - do not make whereabouts known
01101  011   autonomous registration - make whereabouts known
 
11110  000   local control
 
             (All other codes are reserved)
==============================================================
 
Overhead Message Type
 
Code Order
---- ------------------
000  registration ID
001  control-filler
010  (reserved)
011  (reserved)
100  global action
101  (reserved)
110  word 1 of system parameter message
111  word 2 of system parameter message
=======================================
 
Global Action Message Types
 
Code  Action Type
----  -----------
0000      (reserved)
0001  rescan paging channels
0010  registration increment
0011      (reserved)
0010      (reserved)
0011      (reserved)
0100      (reserved)
0101      (reserved)
0110  new access channel set
0111      (reserved)
1000  overload control
1001  access type parameters
1010  access attempt parameters
1011      (reserved)
1100      (reserved)
1101      (reserved)
1110  local control 1
1111  local control 2
====================================================================
 
Restricted Central Office Codes.
Cellular phone numbers are NEVER issued with these patterns in order
to prevent Word Sync patterns from occuring inside a command word.
 
1xx-xxxx                      544-2xxx                      864-2xxx
224-2xxx                      568-1xxx thru 568-7xxx        899-xxxx
288-2xxx                      595-8xxx thru 595-0xxx        800-xxxx
339-8xxx thru 339-0xxx        663-xxxx thru 666-xxxx        928-2xxx
352-xxxx                      672-2xxx                      992-2xxx
416-2xxx                      736-2xxx                      909-xxxx
470-2xxx                      790-2xxx                      0xx-xxxx
508-2xxx                      851-8xxx thru 851-0xxx
=====================================================================
Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) Codes

 Right now the best GUESS, based on available material, is that BCH coding
is the way that the 12 bit Parity field is computed.

The "polynomial" that generates the code is given as:

         12     10     8     5     4     3     0
gB(X)=  X   +  X   +  X  +  X  +  X  +  X  +  X


Taking this verbatim in the usual way (superscripts meaning exponentiation)
gives ridiculous results that would be difficult to compute at the
10 Kb/s data rate required by the Cellular Data Protocol. It makes more sense
to interpret this notation to indicate that the bits of the message word are
summed (in binary) in 12, 10, 8, 5, 4, and 3 bit bytes with 1 added.
That is: the word is broken up into a bunch of sub-bytes of a certain length,
these are added together, the original word is again broken into sub-bytes of
the next length and those are summed ... until all listed lengths have been
summed. THEN all of those sums are summed and 1 is added. The low order
12 bits of the results of this procedure are used as the parity bits.
THIS IS ALMOST PURE SPECULATION. Confirmation is currently being sought at
university engineering libraries, or by examining the parity bits in
published examples or intercepted cellular messages.

The Parity bits are irrelevant to hacking Cellular ID codes however, because
message words are repeated many times in each message block, and the ID
fields (MIN1, MIN2, and SID) can simply be lifted from the most
frequent (and most likely error-free) message words in the block.

HOWEVER: If BCH coding transforms the message bits as well as the Parity
bits then the proper BCH coding algorithm becomes critical. If all else fails,
diassembling the ROM firmware from a Cellular Phone should be conclusive.

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