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              %MWI%               PRESENTS:               %MWI%
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              %MWI%          The Technical Book           %MWI%
              %MWI%             Of Phreaking              %MWI%
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              %MWI%       For The Master Phreak to        %MWI%
              %MWI%         Those Just Learning           %MWI%
              %MWI%           Some Definitions            %MWI%
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                   Created during January and Febuary 1989
                                    v1.0
                        
                        Introdution to the Article
                            File One (of four)
                                
        This file was just to be a short set of definitions for those of you 
 who don't know all the phreaking terms.  This was requested by a few people 
 on a small 312 board called The Magnetic Field Elite (312-966-0708, call, 
 board has potential) like The Don.  But I have decided against making this
 small file that is common in many places but instead to make something that 
 I have never seen before.  Not just a common file but one of high technical
 use.  With a printout of this you will never need to missout on a definition
 again.  But that's not all. The file will discuss, indepth, the working of 
 each of these operations below.  If you are viewing this file simply for the
 sake of finding one meaning I suggest that you get the entire thing and then 
 never need to call and view phreak files again.


        Topic 1:  The Phone/Modem

        Since phreaking is impossible without a phone or modem you I will 
 start with the most important and most complex part of phreaking.  The Phone.
 Now, the phone is a device that transfer sounds as sound enters a receiver, 
 is transfered to an amount of voltage, sent through the telephone lines and 
 decodes back to sound.  A modem is based on a universal language of sounds 
 transfered through the modem.  Modem stands for the work Modulator/Demodulator
 This is like receiveing and sending. Now, with most modems, before connecting,
 tones just are just the same as the tones that a common phone can make.
  
        But the phone can make many tones and some have purposes that are very
 useful, tones that are reserved for At&t, and thus dangerous.  To go through 
 all the tone would be senseless and a book on tones alone could be written 
 (Hmm... maybe I could...) so I will not go into that.
        But, assuming that you know what a box is I will explain what the odd
 types of modems can do.
        If you own an Apple Cat modem you may use it to generate any tone.  
 This is very useful.  Some people are against the Cat for various.  I will 
 remain neutral on the topic but if you have no understand then phreak the 
 way you see easiest and safest.
        The other way is by using an acoustic modem.  You may modify a phone 
 to make certain tones and you may make then send these tones through the 
 acoustic modem by placing the headset of the phone on the acoustic's couplers.  
        You may also attempt to make the box modfications directly to the 
 modem but if you error and damage the modem alot of money is wasted while you
 could have used an acoustic and messed up a twenty dollar phone.
        Basicaly the common phone can make 18 tones.  For example, when you 
 press a number on the phone two tones are made together and make the signal 
 for the number or charater you hit.  This is the entire phone to line 
 explantion of the phone.  Now the actual internal working of the phone is 
 very complex and can be best under stood by getting a book from the library 
 on it.



        Topic 2:  The Calling of Numbers


        When you call a local number as soon as you hit a number other than 
one you the phone knows that you are calling locally.  Once seven digits are
entered the numbers are sent to the nearest switching station and you call 
goes out.  The station determines the units per minute and start billing as 
soon as the called phone answers.  All calls are automaticaly one minute long.
If you hit a one as the first digit you dial the phone recignizes this as a 
long distance call and sends you to either the At&t switching station or to 
another long distance service if you have chose to use other than At&t.
        If you are using a At&t the call goes through the long distance switch
ing station where unit per minute is determined and then it is refured to the
number you called.  The call may be slowed down depending on how many times 
the switching station changes between you and the place you are calling.  If
it changes between ESS and X-Bar (described below) one it would go through 
fast.  If it changed between them 50 times it would be a very slow call going
through.  Plus the sound quality may decrease but that is not a fact, just an
understanding I have come to when callign long distance with At&t.
        If you are calling through any other service, such as MCI, Alnet, 
Teleco, US Sprint or any of the other endless companies, then things are not
the same for long distance calls.
        You call first goes to the company you call through and price of call
is determined by any of the ways a company determines price.  The call then 
goes out through the lines to the long distance companie's station nearest to
the number you dialed and tries to go though.  If the number is too far away 
from a station you may get a "The number you have dialed cannot be reached 
from your calling area."
        Thus, you have the basic information of how call goes out.  Now to get
to phreaking and the real reason you read this file.



        Topic 3:  The Long Distance Company and Codes.

        The way of using a different long distance company or not paying a 
 quarter when calling from a payphone.  Using the phone card or the code.

        Names for these numbers:
        950's
        800's
        Extenders.
        PBX's
        950 ports
        Port
        Code port
        (Company name) port

        The above mentioned names are the phreaks lifeline.  They are places 
where you call and enter a code, then the area code of the place you want to 
call and finally the number for the place you want to call.  When the code is
entered it is checked if it is valid and then the person how owns the code 
pays for the call.  If the code is not valid you normaly get a message saying
that the code you entered is not valid.  
        When a call goes through it is the same as a normal long distance call
except that it is charged to the owner of the card. 
        Some places may require that you enter a nine or a one before you 
enter the code.
        Now, the phreak uses these places by calling them over and over again
until they get a code.  But they do this with a computer and a program such as
Hack-a-Matic, Hacking Construction Set (often called HCS), Hack This Buddy, In
tellihacker (Old), Cat-(and then a name, for the Apple Cat.  Has to many names 
to list), and some others.  These are all Apple programs but there are also 
code hackers for the Commodor 64, 128, Amiga, IBM (of course) and so on.  Most
computers have them.
        One thing I have found useful is to use a Radio Shack portable 
computer with a built in modem and hack from other houses, this is much safer.
Secrity in these companies run from really tough (MCI) to sad (like the places
that try to scare off hackers with tape recordings).  950 ports in the ESS area
are set up to trace and could do so very easily but for some reson they are 
against it.  Possibly the time and money to check the calls and pay for tracing.
Places have gotton tougher though, if three people get busted off a number in
one week and this has never happened before then you can almost be sure that 
they have stepped up security and that it is time to use a new port.
 

        Now I will discuss some of the things used by the Phreak.

        Topic 4: The Loop

        Loops, although they may seem fun they are really rather useless.  They
 work as follows.  
        Two numbers are looped together.  Usually they are almost the same 
just a digit different from one another.  If you call the lower number you 
will wait a few secounds and then hear a 1000mhz. tone.  If you call the higher
number you will hear nothing.  If you can one number (dosen't matter which) 
and someone else calls the other number you will be able to talk to each other
The purpose of these is to test trunk lines.  This way they could make sure 
there was no break in each trunk.  
        Now the old purpose for loops was that they where free to call so one
person would call one and another would call the other and they would get to 
talk for free.  Also, one person might call one number and just wait and talk 
to whoever called the other number.  Like a two line bridge.
        Today you cannot call these without being charged because the phone 
company caught on.  But you can split a phone call with these so if there is 
a loop between you and a person you want to talk to you can only pay for half 
by calling the loop.  And the phone company dosen't care because either way 
they get their money.  
        The billing service for a loop is one all by itself, not like normal 
local calling and for this reson I might almost belive the rumor that Blue Box
tones can be used to call loops.
        The loops billing service didn't exist awhile back so a call to one 
was free.  Now, if you call this new billing system picks it up.  But the 
loop billing system is just something that At&t scraped together and there 
are most likly some holes in the system (like not recording blue box tone 
generation numbers).  


        Topic 5: The Diverter

        The diverter has been a very simple, yet incredibly useful thing 
through the years.  To use one you must call, after hours and let someone 
answer the phone, don't answer them, let them hang up and get a faint 
dialtone.  Then you dial again and call from the diverter.  
        Before, you could use a diverter and call through it.  The you would
only be charged for the call to the diverter, not the one after it.  That 
bill went to the diverter itself.  But they fix this problem easily and now 
you still get charged if you are in the ESS area.
        Also before, you could use a diverter to call a number that traces 
and instead of being traced to your number it is traced to the diverter.  
But ESS eliminated that too.
        But you can still use a diverter to call hard to reach numbers.  Like
if you called a place and it gave you a "The number you have dial cannot be 
reach from your calling area" then if you knew of a diverter in the area of 
the number you could call through it to the unreachable number and get 
through.
        The way a diverter works is after hours when you call a place the 
call is forwarded to another place.  Then, when you don't answer the person 
at the other place hangs up and your call tries to disconnect from the 
forwarded number and you end up at the diverter with it's dialtone.