Loop Start Signaling

The following diagrams depict Loop Start signaling states:

     Advantages of Loop Start:

     -------------------------



     No need for accurate ground references between the Central Office/FXS and

     the PBX/Telephone.



     Generally, TIP/RING wires may be reversed at the PBX/Telephone with no

     adverse impact on operations - (some older DTMF keypads may have problems

     with a T/R reversal, causing no output of tones).





     Disadvantages of Loop Start:

     ----------------------------



     There is no FAR-END Disconnect Supervision.  When the remote

     handset/line hangs-up, there is no provision for the local CO/FXS to

     notify the PBX of the disconnection (Not a problem with a telephone).



     There is poor "glare" resolution.  "Glare" occurs when both the local end

     (PBX/Telephone) and the remote end (CO/FXS) attempt to access the circuit

     at the same time. Unfortunately, with Loop Start, the PBX/Telephone is

     not informed of an inbound seizure until ringing is detected; The ring

     "cadence" is normally 2-seconds ON, 4-seconds OFF (U.S.).